alexandra kollontai timeline

Alexandra Kollontai book. Kollantai then began a relationship with fellow exile Alexander Gavrilovich Shliapnikov, who was 13 years younger to her. Aleksandra Kollontai: Socialism, Feminism, and the Bolshevik Revolution [Farnsworth, Professor of History Beatrice] on Amazon.com. Kollontai went to Germany and devoted her time to writing books such as 'The Class Struggle,' 'Society and Motherhood,' 'The Social Foundations of the Female Question,' and 'The Working Class and the New Morality.'. 0000016197 00000 n Kollontai was a rebel. Shortly after the onset of the war, Kollontai was arrested in Germany and deported to Sweden, where her anti-war writings upset the government. Upon her release, she met Lenin in Scandinavia, where he was in exile. Kollontai initially did not join any of the two factions. Birth of Mikhail Vladimirovits Kollontai. She received private lessons from a family friend, Victor Ostrogorsky, who was also a literary historian. She worked for the 'Political Red Cross,' both publicly and secretly. Read reviews from world’s largest community for readers. Her relationships were also used against her. It’s warm and bright, and there is a lively and festive atmosphere in the “House of Rest” where the veterans of the “Great Years” of … Alexandra Mikhailovna Domontovich was born on March 31 (March 19 in Old Style) 1872, in St. Petersburg, Russian Empire, to Mikhail Alekseevich Domontovich and Alexandra Alexandrovna Masalina (Massalina). St. Petersburg, Russian Empire. 1 talking about this. ', The party split in 1903, at its ‘Second Congress’ in London, due to the dispute between the leaders Vladimir Lenin and Julius Martov. She rejoined the ‘Bolsheviks’ in 1915, believing Lenin would support her in opposing World War I. The marriage that Kollontai thought of as an escape from her mother's fate soon began to feel like a cage. Through her writings, she urged the Finnish people to launch an armed revolt against the oppression of the Russian Empire. 0000076969 00000 n In 1896, Kollontai witnessed capitalist exploitation when she visited a textile factory and was horrified by the poor living and working conditions of the workers, especially of the females. Pubblichiamo il primo di tre estratti del testo apparso nel 1909 ed intitolato “Le basi sociali della questione femminile”, scritto da Alexandra Kollontaj, grande militante rivoluzionaria e dell’emancipazione femminile. She was then sent to Norway. Also Known As: Alexandra Mikhaylovna Kollontay, mother: Alexandra Androvna Masalina-Mravinskaya, awards: Order of Lenin Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav‎ Order of the Red Banner of Labour, See the events in life of Alexandra Kollontai in Chronological Order. In her final years, she was bound to a wheelchair but served as an advisor to the U.S.S.R. ‘Foreign Ministry.’ Till the end of her life, Kollontai remained loyal to Marxism-Leninism and Stalin. In spite of this, Kollontai continued to be a prominent agitator and coordinator. Similarly, her growing interest in politics, too, hit her marriage hard. Rimase al governo con Lenin fino al 1922, «quando le difficoltà incontrate dalle sue iniziative in favore 3 Cfr. One of her other tutors was Maria Strakhova. She joined politics in 1894. While Lenin became a ‘Bolshevik,’ Martov became a ‘Menshevik.’. H��W�n�F|߯�GH�{�� (��V�tHʎ��a��mR+�WJ��̜��*�x��T &,��Qc$u20�Bp��;��՗Vм��Z�$��ӫ��q*�zKW��gVm��Q�e]uY��u�5��?��̈́ZP�4�~�_��6�Ϻn�:��X>��c�ǦF%�ۖ1��; Despite her disputes with Lenin, she was elected “People's Commissar for Social Welfare” at the ‘Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets,’ after the ‘Bolsheviks’ assumed power following the October Revolution (1917). In 1895, she drew inspiration from August Bebel's 'Woman and Socialism.' She became the ‘RSDLP's chief advisor on the tsarist ‘Duma’ and the relationship with Finnish revolutionaries. 0000002493 00000 n Subsequently, the 1896 strike of textile workers pushed her to contribute to make their lives better. Partito11, e come vedremo, questo avrà delle ripercussioni su Alexandra. The group opposed bureaucracy, demanded greater democracy, and demanded that more power be given to trade-union organizations. The group was set up to help political prisoners. %PDF-1.3 %�� Soon, she turned into a committed Marxist. Smolny on the Night of the Storm, Anatoly Lunacharsky . She became arguably the most influential female in the new Soviet society. Source: Alexandra Kollontai Selected Writings, Lawerence Hill & Co. 1977. Kollontai became the 'Zhenotdel' leader after Armand's death in 1920. 0000002528 00000 n 0000002333 00000 n During periods of exile she was also active as a speaker and writer in Germany, Belgium, France, Britain, Scandinavia and the United States. Kollontai, Aleksandra Mikhaylovna əlyĭksän´drə mēkhī´ləvnə kələntī´ , 1872–1952, Russian revolutionary, diplomat, and novelist, whose maiden name was Aleksandra M. Domontovich. 0000000916 00000 n trailer <<519463F9EB8541DC89FB175D0A623175>]>> startxref 0 %%EOF 47 0 obj <>stream https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/alexandra-kollontai-17209.php 0000006183 00000 n The male-dominated Soviet power aristocracy sidelined her by sending her to Oslo as a Soviet representative for a trade delegation. Hence, when her parents arranged her marriage at 16, she vehemently opposed it. Vladimir was an engineering student at a military institute. In 1913, she helped ‘Bolshevik’ women activists Konkordia Samoilova, Inessa Armand, and Nadezhda Krupskaya to launch a newspaper for women called 'Rabotnitsa' (‘The Woman Worker’), which specifically projected the working class. Alexandra Kollontai deserves to be remembered as a pioneer of both socialist and feminist politics. 28. Who was Alexandra Kollontai (3 sentence biographical description)? Alexandra Kollontai fue comisaria del pueblo, encargada de la asistencia pública y la Seguridad Social. After leading a delegation to Sweden, England, and France, to promote the new government in 1918, Kollontai opposed the 'Treaty of Brest-Litovsk' and resigned, knowing Finland had given up. 1917 November 11, 1917 - February 23, 1918. However, her parents were quite orthodox and did not allow her to attend school, to keep her safe from "undesirable elements.". Alexandra Kollontai (1921) Conferenze all'università di Sverdlov sulla liberazione della donna (Alexandra Kollontaï) 12° conferenza Si ringrazia Ilaria De Matteis, Marzo 2009 As the “People's Commissar,” Kollontai legalized abortion, divorce, birth control, and homosexuality. ��Γu>�*�;>��{�ܓ��*ҹ�^ � �҆9k��0��(� *8�T�9"(��dZ�)�n<6��&f]l�Es#(��K�3*��һ� �s ;�y�"�Uv]�Q� $�`��+ڮn�Ap��+�#�� LZ�0=Tw��Xf�B�$��Y�гZt��dAN-��9a� D�@�0g��. He was the one who recognized Kollontai's exceptional literary talent and advised her to become a writer. Alexandra Mikhailovna Kollontai 1872-1952, 1910s di Unbekannt compra come stampa artistica. 0000010163 00000 n They worked toward a possible unity of the party factions. Vladimir Lenin . Instead Alexandra trained as a teacher and then married a man her parents… Alexandra Kollontai. Official fanpage of Alexandra Kollontai, great revolutionary and diplomat inspiring new generations. Stampato con attenzione ai dettagli sulla vera tela dell'artista. 0000013449 00000 n For purposes of brevity, I will present a timeline of high points to indicate the course of her development as she lived through the most tumultuous periods of the 20th century and became a leading, if often rejected, public intellectual and socialist agitator. Who Is The Greatest Female Warrior In History? Questa prima parte tocca la questione della lotta per l’indipendenza economica. She was appointed Minister for Social Welfare in the first socialist government. Alexandra Mikhailovna Kollontai was a Russian Communist revolutionary, first as a member of the Mensheviks, then from 1915 on as a Bolshevik. ibidem. As a child she had a natural ability for languages, speaking French, Finnish, German and Russian. 0000013111 00000 n Her parents disapproved of him. Her book 'The State of the Working Class in Finland,' published in 1903, grabbed the attention of several revolutionaries. On the advice of my professor and armed with introductions from him, I set off for England in 1899 to study the English labour movement, which was supposed to convince me of the truth was on … The daughter of a general, she early rebelled against her society. 0000003275 00000 n She gained international fame as an agitator for the 'German Social Democratic Party' (SPD). 0000001445 00000 n In 1919, Kollontai, Armand, and Sophia Smidovich established the 'Central Commission for Agitation and Propaganda Among Working Women' ('Zhenotdel'). Kollontai was made an ambassador in 1943 and conducted the Soviet-Finnish truce negotiations of 1944. She also promoted childcare, job training, collective kitchens, and free maternity and infant healthcare. For the rest of 1919, she suffered from typhus, along with heart and kidney disease. This marked the beginning of her life-long connection with the women textile workers of St. Petersburg. The intellectual and philosophical fire in her did not let her be a stay-at-home mother. Celebrities Who Look Beautiful Even Without Makeup, The Hottest Male Celebrities With The Best Abs, Famous Role Models You Would Like To Meet. Alexandra Kollontai non è l’eroina archetipo di un paese archetipo: è una donna reale e contraddittoria che vive in un paese che conosce fame, guerra, accerchiamento militare, tensioni faticose nel tentativo di costruire una società socialista malgrado l’arretratezza delle condizioni oggettive. Kollontai eventually fell in love with one of her distant cousins, Vladimir Ludvigovich Kollontai. Their relationship ended in 1916, but they remained friends after that. 0000001568 00000 n Alexandra Kollontai was a major figure in the Russian socialist movement from the turn of the century through the revolution and civil war. 0000076170 00000 n Kollontai joined the people's commissariat for foreign affairs and became (1923) minister to Norway—the first woman to hold that diplomatic rank. Hence, they eloped and got married in 1893. x�b```��,�@(��q��a�i��)k )� ^��}.��x�Αo��~��i��0��:@Lc��@�� V �(3�3*1&p�� t�1Gd�Ɖ ��f1�3vq˰~�(X�ʴ�&iYa&��c��7�C])��f� q%>� endstream endobj 18 0 obj <> endobj 19 0 obj <> endobj 20 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 21 0 obj [278 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 333 750 750 750 750 750 750 722 722 722 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 722 750 833 750 750 667 750 722 750 611 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 556 611 556 611 556 333 611 611 278 750 750 278 889 611 611 611 750 389 556 333 611 556 750 556 556] endobj 22 0 obj <> endobj 23 0 obj <> endobj 24 0 obj <> endobj 25 0 obj [/ICCBased 45 0 R] endobj 26 0 obj [278 278 750 750 750 750 750 750 333 333 750 750 278 333 278 278 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 278 750 750 750 750 556 750 667 667 722 722 667 611 778 722 278 500 667 556 833 722 778 667 778 722 667 611 722 667 944 750 667 611 750 750 750 750 750 750 556 556 500 556 556 278 556 556 222 222 500 222 833 556 556 556 556 333 500 278 556 500 722 500 500 500 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 1000 750 750 750 750 750 750 556 750 333 333 750 222] endobj 27 0 obj <> endobj 28 0 obj <>stream Finland's prime minister J. K. Paasikivi nominated her for the 'Nobel Peace Prize' in 1946, but she lost to American religious leader J.R. Mott and Emily Greene Balch. 0000001946 00000 n She was a peacemaker during the Russo-Finnish War (the Winter War) of 1939–1940, which ended with the 'Treaty of Moscow' in March 1940. 30. Who was Vladimir Lenin (3 sentence biographical description)? List three ways in which Kollontai was involved in the Russian Revolution & events that followed. However, she continued to be in contact with Lenin and other ‘Bolshevik’ members. 29. During periods of exile she was also active as a speaker and writer in Germany, Belgium, France, Britain, Scandinavia and the United States. Alexandra Kollontai was a Russian revolutionary who gained prominence in politics for her strong views against the privileges of the bureaucracy. It shaped her future political ideas, too. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. She lived in Moscow until her death. The Russian communist revolutionary Alexandra Kollontai lived from 1872 to 1952. Despite not supporting Vladimir Lenin, Kollontai joined him only to oppose World War I. Following the October Revolution, the Bolshevik Alexandra Kollontai and Vladimir Lenin made it an official holiday in the Soviet Union, but it was a working day until 1965. Alexandra Mikhailovna Kollontai's Timeline. However, in 1904, she joined the ‘Bolsheviks.’ The following year, along with Leon Trotsky, she worked for the councils of workers' deputies. Alexandra Kollontai: An Extraordinary Person Mavis By any standards, Alexandra Kollontai was an extraordinary person. Translated: by Alex Holt; Transcribed: by Marc Luzietti. Alexandra Kollontai Bodily autonomy Bolshevik Bolshevik Party feminism Kollontai russian revolution Soviet Russia Women's Liberation women’s rights workers Third Wave Of Feminsm. Alexandra Kollontai Original Poster 7 months ago The only hope is that the Entente, Co-Prosperity and America team up to bring down the German juggernaut (like the Allies in WW2). In this lesson you will learn about the changes the Bolsheviks made to Russian society. The last timeline: 1922 – The beginning of the last phase of Kollontai’s life, she was appointed as advisor to the Soviet delegation in... 1923 – Became Ambassador to Norway, the second woman ambassador in the world. Prior to the 1917 revolution, she was an active speaker, writer, and organizer in the socialist women workers’ movement in Russia and Europe. 0000001265 00000 n Alexandra Kollontai was a major figure in the Russian socialist movement from the turn of the century through the revolution and civil war. 0000007500 00000 n Her feminist views bothered the male-dominated 'Central Committee,' which eventually tried to expel her from the party. Kollontai, who soon became the face of women empowerment, began writing articles for political journals, bringing the conditions of the industrial workers in Russia to people’s attention. Hence, Kollontai, too, developed the same at a young age. The following year, she gave birth to their son, Mikhail. The previous year, her first article on child development and the role of society got published in the Marxist journal 'Obrazovanie' (‘Education’). She condemned the ‘Communist Party’ leadership and joined Shlyapnikov to form a left-wing party faction in 1921. Contemporary accounts of the Russian Revolution She was the only woman member of the highest body of the Russian Bolshevik Party in the crucial year of 1917. 0000004843 00000 n Alexandra was born in 1872 to wealthy parents in Finland. Make educational timelines or create a timeline for your company website. Kollontai's 1921 pamphlet 'The Workers' Opposition' motivated party members and trade unions against the ‘Bolshevik’ hierarchy, which led to the end of her political career. Lenin's dictatorial leadership bothered Kollontai. Her mother wouldn't let her go to university, as she believed it was unnecessary for women. Her tenure in the ‘Ministry for Social Welfare’ began with a strike. Both her parents held strong and progressive political views. Hence, she quit the ‘Bolshevik’ faction and joined the ‘Mensheviks’ in 1906 and stayed with them until 1915. 4 BAILES, Kendall E., IMBERT, Marie-José, «Alexandra Kollontai et la Nouvelle Morale» in, Cahiers du monde During periods of exile she was also active as a speaker and writer in Germany, Belgium, France, Britain, Scandinavia and the United States. Acquista online da un'ampia selezione nel negozio Libri. 0000011530 00000 n Lenin managed to crush the opposition and politically sidelined Kollontai. She worked toward destroying the privileges of the bureaucrats. In 1922, Kollontai was appointed a diplomatic counsellor to the Soviet legation in Norway, being soon promoted to head of the legation, one of the first women to hold such a post. She was also a champion for women and labor empowerment. They, however, separated in 1922. She became instrumental in spreading revolutionary propaganda among women workers. Kollontai was accused of neglecting her political duties due to her relationship with the leader of the ‘Baltic Fleet,’ Pavel Dybenko, who was 17 years her junior. 17 0 obj <> endobj xref 17 31 0000000016 00000 n Age 45. 1898 — spends a year studying Marxism in Zurich, divorces Vladimir Kollontai That year, following her interest in the trade union movement, which the factory owners opposed, she supported Father Georgi Gapon to form the 'Assembly of Russian Workers. Utilizziamo cookie e altre tecnologie simili per migliorare la tua esperienza di acquisto, per fornire i nostri servizi, per capire come i nostri clienti li utilizzano in modo da poterli migliorare e per visualizzare annunci pubblicitari. She organized the 'Zimmerwald Conference' of socialist parties to oppose the war, while her booklet 'Who Needs War?' The Years of Revolution, from Alexandra Kollontai’s autobiography, 1926. (New York, 1980) ... Timeline 1870 – Vladimir Ilych Ulyanov (Lenin) is born 1872 – Alexandra Mikhailovna Domontovich is born 1879 - Lev Bronstein (Trotsky) is born 1881 – Assassination of Tsar Alexander II. 1872 March 31, 1872. The ‘Zhenotdel’ was shut down in 1930, under the new government of Joseph Stalin, as he argued that the group's goal had been achieved. However, she rejected their Fabian reformist views. 0000001202 00000 n Alexandra Kollontai (1872-1952) was a significant figure in the Bolshevik party during the Russian Revolution. Meanwhile, she had a long-term relationship with her faction comrade Petr Pavlovich Maslov. While studying in St. Petersburg, she gravitated toward the rising wave of Marxism. Kollontai returned to Russia to launch a campaign against the ‘Provisional Government.’, She supported Lenin's April 1917 call for a Soviet revolution and was imprisoned during the 'July Days.' 7 January 1970. However, she was forgotten after her death, and some Soviet biographers and editors reissued her memoirs without any mention of her past ‘Menshevik’ association or her support for sexual liberation. Visualizza i profili delle persone di nome Alexandra Kollontai. First wave of femnism largely revolved around gaining basic legal rights for women. She also decriminalized prostitution, banned illegitimacy, and made the Soviet Union one of the first countries to grant women voting rights. As such, she The relationship ended in 1911. Kollontai was home-tutored under the strict surveillance of her mother and her English nanny. 0000002168 00000 n She desired to study abroad but chose to stay at home and start writing instead. By then, she had completely abandoned her privileged social position and joined the 'Russian Social Democratic Labor Party' (RSDLP). Revolutionary Marxist Alexandra Kollontai joined the new Russian government formed after the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution as the People's Commissar of Social Welfare. Alexandra Kollontai: The Lonely Struggle of the Woman who Defied Lenin. Her political insights, and revolutionary practice, remain relevant to socialist activists today. Timetoast's free timeline maker lets you create timelines online. She was a prolific writer, too, and some of her writings were published in 1978. Kollontai also worked for several educational charities, aiding impoverished people. 0000012886 00000 n Lenin's 'New Economic Policy' (NEP) reversed many of Kollontai's reforms. Soviet propaganda in the form of a playing card, depicting the Kronstadt rebels as White agents. Alexandra Kollontai was one of those invited to write her autobiography. Simultaneously, she would provide evening tuitions to workers in St. Petersburg. She died of a cardiac arrest on March 9, 1952. https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/alexandra-kollontai-17209.php. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aleksandra_Kollontai.jpg, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AlexandraKollontai.jpg. 0000053029 00000 n Kollontai became a member of the ‘Executive Committee of the Petrograd Soviet’ and a Russian delegate to the ‘Ninth Congress’ of the 'Finnish Social Democratic Party.'. She didn’t see the status of women, the structure of the family, or even love as somehow natural or given, as unchanging over time. Scopri le migliori foto stock e immagini editoriali di attualità di Alexandra Kollontai su Getty Images. She organized the 'First All-Russian Congress of Working and Peasant Women' in November 1918. 0000008844 00000 n In the process, she participated in the uprising popularly known as 'Bloody Sunday,' in front of the 'Winter Palace' in St. Petersburg. 0000014784 00000 n Aleksandra Kollontai: Socialism, Feminism, and the Bolshevik Revolution Scegli tra immagini premium su Alexandra Kollontai della migliore qualità. Born Alexandra Domontovich in 1872, her father was a former tsarist general, her mother the daughter of a minor nobleman. Lesson overview: Alexandra Kollontai and Social Change View in classroom. Alexandra Kollontai was a major figure in the Russian socialist movement from the turn of the century through the revolution and civil war. She actively worked to raise funds for the workers. 31. Demands Of The First Wave Of Feminism. She was an elected member of the Soviet delegation to the 'League of Nations.'. The Kronstadt rebellion was an anti-Bolshevik uprising carried out by soldiers and sailors on the island fortress of Kronstadt, a few miles off the coast of Petrograd, in early 1921. Kollontai returned to St. Petersburg in 1899. In 1898, Kollontai left Russia, leaving behind her husband and son, to study labor history at the 'University of Zurich,' under the tutelage of Marxist economist Heinrich Herkner. Women lost jobs and were confined to their homes, as many crèches were shut down. Within 2 years of her joining the ‘Mensheviks,’ she had to flee Russia to avoid arrest. Meanwhile, her marriage almost ended, and she gravitated more toward Marxism for guidance and support. After several ministerial appointments she became (1930) minister to Sweden and remained there until 1945. Women Fighters in the Days of the Great October Revolution, Alexandra Kollontai, 1927. After leading delegations as a trade representative in Norway (1923–1925, 1927–1930) and Mexico (1925–1927), she became an envoy to Sweden from 1930 to 1945. Alice Paul, Carrie Chapman Catt and Anna Howard Shaw were Liberal Feminist while Rosa Luxemburg, Alexandra Kollontai and Emma Goldman were Socialist/Marxist Feminist. 0000031690 00000 n In 1900, her first set of articles on the conflict between the Finnish people and the Russian autocracy was published. Her father had been a tsarist general in the 'Imperial Russian Army.' Alexandra Kollontai’s approach to political struggle was grounded in historical materialism, the Marxist approach to history. 1926-1927 – Trade delegate to Mexico. 1894 1894. Alexandra Kollontai . With this, she became the world's second female ambassador to lead such a delegation. 0000003492 00000 n Kollontai retired and returned to Russia in 1945.