On 19 January 1878, the Ottoman Empire requested an armistice, which was accepted by Russia and Romania. The former governor of the National Bank, Mugur Isărescu, eventually replaced Radu Vasile as head of the government. [16][17] The Ottoman monitor Seyfi was a 400-ton ironclad warship, with a maximum armor thickness of 76 mm and armed with two 120 mm guns. However, Ceauşescu's most controversial measures, such as bans on abortion and contraception, were among the first laws to be changed after the Revolution. [citation needed] A technocrat, Theodor Stolojan, was appointed to head an interim government until new elections could be held. After Stephen's death, Moldavia also came under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire during the 16th century. In 680, the Byzantine Emperor Constantine IV led a large army to fight the Bulgars but was defeated in the battle of Ongal and the Byzantines were forced to acknowledge the formation of a new country, the First Bulgarian Empire. The French Protectorate begins in 1912 After many months of negotiation, Abd al-Hafid, Sultan of Morocco at the time, signs the Treaty of Fez in March, 1912, making Morocco a French Protectorate. [citation needed] Ceauşescu's independent foreign policy meant leaders of Western nations leaders were slow to criticize Romania's government which, by the late 1970s, had become arbitrary, capricious and harsh. The Romanian War of Independence is the name used in Romanian historiography to refer to the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78), following which Romania, fighting on the Russian side, gained independence from the Ottoman Empire. [121], Presidential and parliamentary elections took place again on 28 November 2004. Romania was a constitutional monarchy until the end of 1947 when King Michael the 1st, the grandson of King Ferdinand was forced by the communists to abdicate. [27], The Pechenegs,[28] the Cumans[29] and Uzes are also mentioned by historic chronicles on the territory of Romania until the founding of the Romanian principalities of Wallachia in the south by Basarab I around 1310 in the High Middle Ages,[30] and Moldavia in the east, by Dragoş around 1352. [80], In 1940, Romania lost territory in both its east and west: In June 1940, after receiving an ultimatum from the Soviet Union, Romania ceded Bessarabia and northern Bukovina[81][82][83][84] Two-thirds of Bessarabia was combined with a small part of the USSR to form the Moldavian SSR. Due to great losses, the Russian Empire asked Romania to intervene. Independent Wallachia had been near the border of the Ottoman Empire since the 14th century until it had gradually succumbed to the Ottomans' influence during the next centuries with brief periods of independence. [citation needed], John II, the non-Habsburg King of Hungary, moved his royal court to Alba Iulia in Transylvania and after his abdication from the Hungarian throne, he became the first Prince of Transylvania. [111], Between 1977 and 1981, Romania's foreign debt sharply increased from US$3 to US$10 billion[112] and the influence of international financial organizations such as the IMF and the World Bank grew, in conflict with Ceauşescu's autarchic policies. Because Carol and his wife, Elisabeth of Wied, only had one child, a daughter who died at the age of 4 in 1874, the throne’s succession had to be settled by choosing an heir from Carol’s male relatives. Gold and silver were especially plentiful,[13] and were found in great quantities in the Western Carpathians. At that time, Romania achieved its greatest territorial extent, almost 300,000 km2 or 120,000 sq mi[75]), including all of the historic Romanian lands. [15], According to the Russian-Romanian treaty signed in April that year, the Romanian spar torpedo boat Rândunica served under joint Romanian-Russian command. [31], The Pechenegs, a semi-nomadic Turkic people of the Central Asian steppes, occupied the steppes north of the Black Sea from the 8th to the 12th centuries, and by the 10th century they were in control of all of the territory between the Don and the lower Danube rivers. A bloody battle played out in Romania in December 1989 that led to the remarkable collapse of one of Europe's most repressive communist regimes - and arguably its most menacing dictator. Romania's declaration of its independence, while the ultimately victorious independence war against the Ottoman Empire in 1877–1878 alongside Russia, was just beginning. By signing up, you'll get thousands of step-by-step solutions to your homework questions. During this period, Romania's resources were drained by the "SovRom" agreements; mixed Soviet-Romanian companies were established to mask the Soviet Union's looting of Romania. In August 1944, Antonescu was arrested by Mihai. The half-sunk monitor then re-opened fire, but was struck once again, with the same devastating effects. Romania's history has not been as idyllically peaceful as its geography. Later parliamentary inquiries showed members of the government intelligence services were involved in the instigation and manipulation of both the protesters and the miners, and in June 1994, a Bucharest court found two former Securitate officers guilty of ransacking and stealing $100,000 from the house of a leading opposition politician. [citation needed] Following the war, Romanian lands came under Russian occupation under the governance of General Pavel Kiselyov until 1844. Due to great losses, Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich, the Russian commander-in-chief, asked Prince Carol I for the Romanian Army to intervene and join forces with the Russian Army. The territories of Wallachia and Moldavia were under the control of the First Bulgarian Empire from its establishment in 681 until around the time of the Hungarian conquest of Transylvania at the end of the 10th century. Constituent parties of the CDR joined the Democratic Party (PD), the National Liberal Party (PNL) and the Hungarian Democratic Union of Romania (UDMR) to form a centrist coalition government, holding 60% of the seats in Parliament. Namibia or South West Africa, as it was called while it was a German territory was placed under the South African administration by the League of Nations after the First World War. In fact, for symbolic reasons, the date of May 10, 1877 was chosen on purpose, since it marked the 11th celebration of the day when the German Prince Carol first came to Bucharest (May 10, 1866). In mid-December marchers in Leipzig held a candlelight vigil commemorating Stalin's victims. 1750—1830).". Moldova, country lying in the northeastern corner of the Balkan region of Europe. Taking advantage of FSN's tight control of the national radio and television, Iliescu won 85% of the vote. The Domnitor was always the last to sanction a bill into law, promulgate and publish it; he held the full constitutional power to refuse a bill. She was also known as Tsarevich by the Russians. [117][118], Various worker groups from Romania's industrial platforms responded, some of them engaged in altercations with the protesters. The new, energetic ruler focused on the north-west where Bulgaria's old enemies the Avars experienced difficulties and setbacks against the Franks under Charlemagne. The independence of modern Romania is from 9 May 1877, the day when the war against Turkey was started. The next day, the Romanian government canceled paying tribute to Turkey (914,000 lei), and the sum was given instead to the War Minister. Romanian War of Independence: | | | Romanian War of Independence (1877–1878) | | | ... World Heritage Encyclopedia, the aggregation of the largest online encyclopedias available, and the most definitive collection ever assembled. [8], The peace treaty between Russia and the Ottoman Empire was signed at San Stefano, on 3 March 1878. Independence Day (or Flag Day) has been observed in Sweden every June 6 for a century, but it did not become an official public holiday until 2005. [citation needed]. After the occupation of Plevna, the Romanian Army returned to the Danube and won the battles of Vidin and Smârdan. [77] The union of Bucovina and Bessarabia with Romania was ratified in 1920 by the Treaty of Versailles. The Nordic country had been under Swedish and Russian rule before its declaration of independence. [17][18], Between 271 and 275, the Roman army and administration left Dacia, which was invaded later by the Goths. In the 16th century Transylvania became part of the Turkish Empire (although it was still allowed some autonomy). [citation needed], In April 2008, Bucharest hosted the NATO summit. After securing Chilean independence, with a fleet commanded by the adventurous Lord Cochrane, he invaded Peru and declared independence in … [citation needed] National minorities were recognized by the 1923 Constitution of Romania and supported by laws; they were represented in Parliament and several of them created political parties, although a unique standing of minorities with autonomy on a wide basis, provided for at the assembly of Transylvanian Romanians on 1 December 1918, was not fulfilled. In light of the late date at which modern Romania acquired its name, it appears clear that earlier, the term "Romania" referred to the territory where the Greek speaking "Romaioi" lived. Thereof, when did Mexico win its This region was an integral part of the Romanian principality of Moldavia until 1812, when it was ceded to Russia. At that time, the Russian Empire appeared to become the political and military power the threatened the Romanian principalities. In 1812, for example, the inhabitants of la Plazuela, Comayaguela and Jacaleapa demonstrated in protest against the system of perpetuating peninsular Spaniards as municipal office holders. Yes, it’s true, Romania has its own Triumphal Arch (Arcul de Triumf) and the interesting fact is that it’s an identical replica of Arc de Triomphe de l’Étoile in Paris. Valentino, Benjamin A (2005). No political party secured a viable parliamentary majority and opposition parties alleged the PSD had committed large-scale electoral fraud. [citation needed], In January 2012, Romania experienced its first national protests since 1989, motivated by the global economical crisis and as an answer to the crisis situations and unrest in Europe of 2000s. Two years later, under the pressure of the Allies—especially France, which was desperate to open a new front. The main goal was to free Transylvania where the majority Romanian population had almost no political and civil rights. On the same day the Finnish Parliament issued a declaration by which it assumed, pro tempore, all powers of the Sovereign in Finland. On May 21 [O.S. Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, Learn how and when to remove this template message, personality cult of Nicolae Ceaușescu and his wife Elena, agricultural collectivization in Communist Romania, National Christian Democrat Peasant's Party (PNŢCD), violence was perpetrated by government agents, Accession of Romania to the European Union, Romanian membership of the European Union, crisis situations and unrest in Europe of 2000s, "Early Modern Human Cranial remains from the Peștera cu Oase", "Fossil Teeth Put Humans in Europe Earlier Than Thought", "Neanderthals and Moderns Mixed and It Matters", "Pestera cu Oase 2 and the cranial morphology of early modern Europeans", "A Lost European Culture, Pulled From Obscurity", "Antiquity Vol 79 No 306 December 2005 The earliest salt production in the world: an early Neolithic exploitation in Poiana Slatinei-Lunca, Romania Olivier Weller & Gheorghe Dumitroaia", Трансилванските (седмиградските) българи. Two periods can be identified in Romania between the two World Wars. When Did Colombia Gain Independence Colombia has the unique distinction of celebrating her independence day on two days. After the independence, in 1881 the Romanian Parliament proclaimed the country’s transformation into a Kingdom, and Prince Carol becomes the first King of Romania. The movie depicts the Romanian War of Independence (1877-1878). Friction mounted, and, on April 19, 1775, the American Revolution broke out between the Americans and the British. According to the miners, most of the violence was perpetrated by government agents who were agitating the crowds. [24] Original information for the centuries-old Bulgarian rule there is scarce as the archives of the Bulgarian rulers were destroyed and little is mentioned for this area in Byzantine or Hungarian manuscripts. Moldavia, Wallachia, and Transylvania came under Ottoman suzerainty but remained fully autonomous and until the 18th century, had some external independence. The seizure of Grenada is considered the touchstone of Spain's independence. Tension between the two leaders culminated in a so-called “declaration of independence” by the Romanian Communist Party in 1964. In 1775, the Habsburgs later occupied the north-western part of Moldavia, which was later called Bukovina and was incorporated to the Austrian Empire in 1804. The Romanian revolution was a series of riots and protests. By signing up, you'll get thousands of step-by-step solutions to your homework questions. [32] During the 11th and 12th centuries, the nomadic confederacy of the Cumans and Eastern Kipchaks dominated the territories between present-day Kazakhstan, southern Russia, Ukraine, southern Moldavia and western Wallachia. The other Great Powers rejected the treaty leading to the signing of the Treaty of Berlin on July 13. The first dictator was King Carol II, who abolished the parliamentary regime and ruled with his camarilla. The new coalition government, under prime minister Victor Ciorbea remained in office until March 1998, when Radu Vasile (PNŢCD) took over as prime minister. The peaceful demonstrations degenerated into violence; some of the protesters attacked the police headquarters, national television station, and the Foreign Ministry. The FSN secured two-thirds of the seats in Parliament. (Rusça). [citation needed], The period between 1878 and 1914 was one of stability and progress for Romania. The Romanian Navy consisted of three gunboats: Ştefan cel Mare, România and Fulgerul and one spar torpedo boat, Rândunica. In 1595 he fought and defeated the Turks. Romania's president Klaus Iohannis expressed his disappointment after the Bucharest Court rejected the DIICOT prosecutors' request to reopen the … Despite Romania's change of sides, its role in the defeat of Nazi Germany was not recognized by the Paris Peace Conference of 1947. [citation needed] Between 804 and 806, the Bulgarian armies annihilated the Avars and destroyed their state. [citation needed], Because Carol II lost so much territory through failed diplomacy, the army supported seizure of power by General Ion Antonescu. On April 16 [O.S. Език. After Trajan's conquest, he took to Rome over 165 tons of gold and 330 tons of silver. The de jure independence of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Независимост на България, Nezavisimost na Balgaria) from the Ottoman Empire was proclaimed on 5 October [O.S. A reform-minded Communist, Hans Modrow, had risen to power within East Germany's Communist Party, and Party officials continued to appeal to the public. pp. [96], A the end of World War II, the Paris Peace Treaty rendered the Vienna Awards void: Northern Transylvania was returned to Romania but Bessarabia, northern Bukovina and southern Dobruja were not recovered. The government initiated modest free market reforms. According to writer Cicerone Ioniţoiu, there were hundreds of thousands of cases of abuse, death and torture against a large range of people from political opponents to ordinary citizens. History of the United States Independence (1754-1783) Relations between the American Colonies and Great Britain began to break down during the mid-1700's. Spain did not gain its independence until almost seven centuries later, after Christians from the north conquered the Muslims. Southern Dobruja was awarded to Bulgaria while Hungary received Northern Transylvania as result of an Axis arbitration. The Romanian expression România Mare (Great or Greater Romania) refers to the Romanian state in the interwar period and to the territory Romania covered at the time. In 1881, Romania was proclaimed a kingdom. Romania’s first attempts at greater freedom from the Soviets came under the leadership of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, and resulted in the withdrawal of the Soviet troops in 1958. When the Maritime provinces, which sought union among themselves, called a conference in 1864, delegates from the other provinces of Canada attended. [citation needed], Ceauşescu eventually initiated a project of full reimbursement of the foreign debt; to achieve this, he imposed austerity policies that impoverished Romanians and exhausted the nation's economy. [citation needed] In May 1918, Romania could not continue the war and negotiated a peace treaty with Germany. The Roman Empire withdrew from Dacia Romana around 271 AD, making it the first province to be abandoned. The wife's male relatives controlled the dowry but she retained sole ownership of the dowry and wedding gifts. The Principality of Moldavia reached its most glorious period under the rule of Stephen the Great between 1457 and 1504. "The Security Services since 1989: Turning over a new leaf." [116][119] Petre Roman's government fell in late September 1991, when the miners returned to Bucharest to demand higher salaries. During his rule, the local boyars enacted the first Romanian constitution. [78] Under pressure from Moscow and Berlin, the Romanian administration and the army were forced to retreat from Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to avoid war. [citation needed], The Romanian Revolution resulted in more than 1,000 deaths in Timișoara and Bucharest, and brought the fall of Ceauşescu and the end of the Communist regime in Romania. Rummel, Rudolph, Statistics of Democide, 1997. Did you know? The coal miners of the Jiu Valley, thousands of whom arrived in Bucharest on 14 June, were the most visible and politically influential. [21], After the disintegration of Great Bulgaria following Khan Kubrat's death in 668, a large group of Bulgars followed Asparukh, the third son of the great Khan, who headed westwards. For this victory, Pope Sixtus IV nominated him as verus christianae fidei athleta (a true Champion of the Christian Faith). The Romanian War of Independence is the name used in Romanian historiography to refer to the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78), following which Romania, fighting on the Russian side, gained independence from the Ottoman Empire.On April 16 [O.S. [citation needed] In the Treaty of Bucharest of 1913, Romania gained Southern Dobruja and established the Durostor and Caliacra counties. During the Second Balkan War, Romania joined Greece, Serbia and Montenegro against Bulgaria. Zambia Independence History: How Did Zambia Get Its Independence? [64], Romania was created as a personal union that did not include Transylvania, where the upper class and the aristocracy remained mainly Hungarian, although Romanian nationalism clashed with Hungarian nationalism at the end of the 19th century. [48], Many other small states with varying degrees of independence developed on the territory of today's Romania. [citation needed], The 2000 election brought Iliescu's PDSR, known as Social Democratic Party (PSD) after the merger with the PSDR, back to power. "In Search for a Usable Past: The Question of National Identity in Romanian Studies, 1990–2000", Turda, Marius. [citation needed] The Romanian economy grew quickly through foreign credit but this was replaced with austerity and political repression, which became more draconian through the 1980s. [citation needed], Michael the Brave (Romanian: Mihai Viteazul) was the Prince of Wallachia from 1593 to 1601, of Transylvania from 1599 to 1600, and of Moldavia in 1600. [116] The protesters accused the FSN of being made up of former Communists and members of the Securitate. [115], In April 1990, after several major political rallies that January), a sit-in protest questioning the legitimacy of the government began in University Square, Bucharest, organized by the main opposition parties. [94], With the Red Army forces still stationed in the country and exerting de facto control, Communists and their allied parties claimed 80% of the vote through a combination of vote manipulation,[95] elimination and forced mergers of competing parties, thus establishing themselves as the dominant force. [25][26] In Bulgaria it is usually referred to as Pliska-Preslav culture. The protest became ongoing mass demonstration known as the Golaniad. July 12] 1877, the first Romanian Army units crossed the Danube and joined forces with the Russian Army.[9]. [citation needed], Post–Cold War Romania developed closer ties with Western Europe, eventually joining NATO in 2004. Following this action, Ottoman warships throughout the remainder of the war would always retreat upon sighting spar torpedo boats. 22 September] 1908 in the old capital of Tarnovo by Prince Ferdinand of Bulgaria, who afterwards took the title "Tsar". Editura Maşina de scris, Bucureşti, 2000. 1821 was when Mexico was officially independent. Romanian Revolution The Romanian revolution occurred in Romania in 1989. Independence Photographed by Alex Wong on Unsplash Australia took a long and slow road to extract itself from British politics and influence. [citation needed], In 2004 Traian Băsescu was elected president with an electoral coalition called Justice and Truth Alliance (DA). [122] There was no winner in the first round of the presidential elections. The final act was the forced abdication of King Michael and the proclamation of the Romanian People’s Republic on December 30, 1947. The fact that the Allies ultimately fought hard to return independence to Ethiopia was a significant step on the path to African independence. The answer you are … Upon the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, it declared its independence and took the name Moldova. In the 1860s and 1870s, Danubian Romania embarked on its difficult transition from political subordination to independence. During the First Bulgarian Empire, the Dridu culture developed in the beginning of the 8th century and flourished until the 11th century. Some groups in Ireland had long thought the country would be better off having its own government, and wanted independence … [68] In return, Romania ceded the district Bessarabia to Russia in exchange for access to the Black Sea ports and acquired Dobruja. For a short time during his reign, Transylvania was ruled together with Moldavia and Wallachia in a personal union. Initially, before 1877, Russia did not wish to cooperate with Romania, since they did not wish Romania to participate in the peace treaties after the war, but the Russians encountered a very strong Ottoman army of 40,000 soldiers led by Osman Pasha at the Siege of Plevna (Pleven) where the Russian troops led by Russian generals suffered very heavy losses and were routed in several battles. On the road to independence, t here had been several demonstrations against the Spanish crown in Honduras. The Russian Lieutenants Dubasov and Shestakov were decorated with the Order of St. George, while Major Murgescu was decorated with the Order of Saint Vladimir as well as the Order of the Star of Romania. In 1593 Michael the Brave became ruler of Wallachia. After the police failed to bring the demonstrators to order, Ion Iliescu called on the "men of good will" to defend the state institutions in Bucharest. [8] The earliest-known salt works is at Poiana Slatinei near the village of Lunca; it was first used in the early Neolithic around 6050 BC by the Starčevo culture and later by the Cucuteni-Trypillia culture in the pre-Cucuteni period. Forbes, Nevill, and Arnold J. Toynbee & D. Mitrany. [120] The PDSR won the largest number of seats in Parliament, but was unable to form a viable coalition. However for a time Wallachia and Moldavia managed to remain independent of Turkey. [72], The Romanian military campaign ended in disaster for Romania as the Central Powers conquered two-thirds of the country and captured or killed the majority of its army within four months. [70][71], The new state, which was located between the Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, and Russian empires, looked to the West—particularly to France—for its cultural, educational, military and administrative models. [citation needed] In 1881, the Romania's principality status was raised to that of a kingdom and on 26 March that year, Prince Carol became King Carol I of Romania. — М.: 1960. Cornell University Press. Мерников А. Г., Спектор А. А. Всемирная история войн. [52] Stephen (Romanian: Ștefan) ruled for 47 years, an unusually long period for that time. From 1918 to 1938, Romania was a monarchy whose liberal Constitution was seldom respected in practice, but one facing the rise of the nationalist, anti-semitic parties, particularly Iron Guard, which won about 15% of the votes in the general elections of 1937. [citation needed], Ion Iliescu, a former Communist Party official marginalized by Ceauşescu, attained national recognition as the leader of an impromptu governing coalition, the National Salvation Front (FSN) that proclaimed the establishment of democracy and civil liberties on 22 December 1989. The project was completed in 1989, shortly before his overthrow. Below is a history fact that Taiwan has Venezuela gained its independence from Spain in 1821, after a 10-year struggle led by Simón Bolívar, Francisco Miranda, and others. Its president was Vaclav Havel, and the chairman of parliament was Alexander Dubcek. A powerful explosion followed, with debris from the Ottoman warship raising up to 40 meters in the air. Romanians today celebrate this as the Great Union Day, that is a national holiday. The Székelys were brought to southeastern Transylvania as border guards. From then on, Gheorghiu-Dej followed an increasingly able and independent foreign policy until his death in 1965. That Italy, like Germany after World War I, had its African Empire taken away, signaled a Magyar Nyelvtudományi Tanszék, 1972, p. 83, Dennis P. Hupchick, Conflict and chaos in Eastern Europe, Palgrave Macmillan, 1995 p. 58, István Vásáry, Cumans and Tatars: Oriental military in the pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365, Cambridge University Press, 2005, p. 28, Heinz Stoob, Die Mittelalterliche Städtebildung im südöstlichen Europa, Böhlau, 1977, p. 204, Angela Jianu, "Women, Dowries, and Patrimonial Law in Old Regime Romania (c. Under his leadership, Dacia became a powerful state that threatened the regional interests of the Romans. [104] Ioniţoiu estimated two million people were victims of Communist repression in Romania. [citation needed], In 803, Krum of Bulgaria became Khan. Though most protesters left University Square after the government gained a large parliamentary majority, a minority deemed the results undemocratic and demanded the exclusion from political life of the former high-ranking Communist Party members. Stefan's most prestigious victory was over the Ottoman Empire in 1475 at the Battle of Vaslui, for which he raised the Voroneţ Monastery. [99][100][101], Romania's leader from 1948 to his death in 1965 was Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, the First Secretary of the Romanian Workers' Party. Regiae Vniversitatis Vngaricae, 1831, Tamás Kis, Magyar nyelvjárások, Volumes 18–21, Nyelvtudományi Intézet, Kossuth Lajos Tudományegyetem (University of Kossuth Lajos). April 12] 1877, Russia declared war on the Ottoman Empire and its troops entered Romania through the newly built Eiffel Bridge, on their way to the Ottoman Empire. Етнонимия. The Romanian government tolerated their frequent humiliation and exclusion from many professions and government services. How did Somalia gain their independence? From 1938 to 1944, Romania was a dictatorship. [1] In 2011, older modern human remains were identified in the UK (Kents Cavern 41,500 to 44,200 years old) and Italy (Grotta del Cavallo 43,000 to 45,000 years old)[2] but the Romanian fossils are still among the oldest remains of Homo sapiens in Europe, so they may be representative of the first such people to have entered Europe. In 1918, at the end of World War I, the union of Romania with Bukovina was ratified in 1919 in the Treaty of Saint Germain,[73] and some of the Allies recognized the union with Bessarabia in 1920 through the never ratified Treaty of Paris. How did Canada get independence from Britain? In 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union signed the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, which stipulated, among other things, the Soviet "interest" in Bessarabia. The eastern half of the principality, which was called Bessarabia, was occupied in 1812 by Russia. Romania's historical provinces Wallachia and Moldova offered furious resistance to the invading Ottoman Turks. In 1599 he defeated the Transylvanians and became prince of Transylvania. The northern border of the country followed the southern slopes of the Carpathian mountains from the Iron Gates and reached the Dneper river or possibly just the Dniester river to the east. Over the centuries, various migrating people invaded Romania. [citation needed] The goals of the revolutionaries were full independence for Moldavia and Wallachia, and national emancipation in Transylvania; these were not fulfilled but were the basis of the subsequent revolutions. Its independence from the Porte was finally recognized on 13 July 1878. [15][16], Dacia's geographical position made it difficult to defend against the barbarians and during 240–256 AD, Dacia was lost under attacks of the Carpi and the Goths. 91–151. [92][93], On 20 August 1944, the Soviet Red Army crossed the border into Romania. The Ceauşescu couple fled Bucharest by helicopter but ended up in the custody of the army. Vlad III the Impaler, also known as Vlad Dracula Romanian: Vlad Ţepeş, was a Prince of Wallachia in 1448, 1456–62, and 1476. How to solve: When did St. Lucia gain independence? The day represents the time when Malta was finally granted its independence from the British Empire on the 21 st September 1964.