Several studies allowed participants to categorize eating occasions as either meals or snacks (1, 5, 6, 15, 19), whereas others separated specific meals (i.e., breakfast, brunch/lunch, dinner, small meal, main meal) from snacks (2, 8, 10, 17, 18, 32). Women who were more sensitive to reward had higher BMIs and higher food craving scores (P < 0.05) (63). Around the world, adults consume energy outside of traditional meals such as breakfast, lunch, and dinner. In both Brazil and Mexico, national survey data show that approximately three-quarters of the population (74% in Brazil, 73% in Mexico) consume an average of 1.6 snacks/d (13, 14). O'Connor L, Brage S, Griffin SJ, Wareham NJ, Forouhi NG. Nationwide survey data on snacking patterns were not available for all countries and therefore some information used in this section relies on data from small, homogenous populations. You may consider fried chickpeas with herbs as simply a great snack. With the exception of fruit, many of these snacks fit the profile of “snack foods” and are relatively nutrient-poor and energy-dense. A gulf is a large inlet from the ocean into the landmass, typically with a narrower opening than a bay, but that is not observable in all geographic areas so named.The term gulf was traditionally used for large highly-indented navigable bodies of salt water that are enclosed by the coastline. Yet, although fruit and sweets have declined slightly as snack selections in the United States, they are very popular snacks in Mexico, Brazil, China, Oman, and France (13, 14, 19, 21, 76). This study provided 50 adults with a “snack taste test” of chocolate candies, which participants were instructed to consume until satiation. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free! How an eating occasion is labeled influences other food choices an individual makes on the same day and may even affect satiety after eating (19, 29–33). gulf synonyms, gulf pronunciation, gulf translation, English dictionary definition of gulf. Several articles have been published on how eating while distracted affects the amount of food individuals choose to consume later in the day (58–60). Part I of this review discusses how snacking is defined and the social, environmental, and individual influences on the desire to snack and choice of snack. Recently published studies on snacking and food security (56, 57) used information from the 1999–2002 Food Security Survey Module, which divides individuals into 4 groups: food secure, marginally food secure, food secure without hunger, and food secure with hunger (57). Although the semantics of eating occasion labels may seem trivial, an individual's definition of an eating occasion as a snack or as a meal may influence their food selection (28, 30, 32, 33, 36). In Canadian college students (n = 613), “medium” to “high” viewers of TV (where “high” was ≥4 h of TV viewing daily and “medium” was between 1 and 4 h of TV viewing) snacked more frequently than did “low” TV viewers (61). 'Gulfwest Oil Company' is one option -- get in to view more @ The Web's largest and most authoritative acronyms and abbreviations resource. Protocatechuic Acid Protects Platelets from Apoptosis via Inhibiting Oxidative Stress-Mediated PI3K/Akt/GSK3β Signaling. A small meal between lunch and dinner, merienda, is customary in the Philippines (24). As several current reviews indicate, the effects of eating frequency on weight are not well understood (4, 26, 28, 73, 74). The food of Saudi Arabia is delicious and tempting. Although all of the participants consumed ≥1 food item offered as a snack, the researchers found no evidence of a biological cue (hunger score change, decrease in insulin or glucose concentrations) prompting a desire to eat (28). Oil Rigs: Again, there are thousands of prime fishing spots out in the Gulf, but head over 60 miles out from Gulf Shores, and you’re sure to find some feeding big game creatures who are eager to take the bait. Language presents an important limitation to this worldview of snacking, because it is not possible to know whether data on other countries are missing due to language barriers or a lack of data. The National Health Service website has a page listing several low-calorie snack suggestions (, Le Guide Alimentaire Pour Tous recommends consuming a regular snack instead of eating mindlessly or snacking continuously. If individuals are “multitasking” while snacking, they may eat more of a snack or consume more food at their next meal. However, participants ate significantly more grapes than chocolate candies in all of the conditions (P = 0.006). Snack consumption may also be initiated because of celebratory social occasions as well as the availability of or desire for tempting food. Because the major energy source for snacks among food-insecure adults was “sugar, sweets, and beverages,” this trend toward increased snacking indicates that snacks may serve different roles in the diet and have different health effects based on socioeconomic status (56, 57). This snack is primarily intended to address the nutrient insufficiencies of adolescent females at risk of developing anemia due to low dietary iron intake (87), and full nutrient data on this snack were not readily available to assess its overall nutrient profile. This section concludes with a brief discussion of the associations of snacking with cardiometabolic health markers, including plasma lipid concentrations and BMI. Myhre JB, Løken EB, Wandel M, Andersen LF. In one study, habitual nonsnackers were offered a snack between lunch and dinner (47). Over the years we’ve gotten to experience some of the best places to eat in Gulf Shores. In Canada, adolescents aged 14–18 y consume the most energy from snacks, with males in this range consuming ∼30% of their daily calories from snacks and females consuming ∼28% (17). It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. Researchers cannot feasibly account for all of the variations. Snack foods rich in important nutrients that rely on the pre-existing snack preferences of different populations could contribute to facilitating nutrient-dense and health-promoting diets. Individuals who ate all 3 meals as well as snacks had the “highest intakes of all micronutrients examined, except cholesterol, vitamin B-6, and sodium” (32). O'Dwyer NA, Gibney M, Burke S, McCarthy S. Hermans RCJ, Herman CP, Larsen JK, Engels RCME. This review discusses the definitions and presentation of snacking in the current literature and snacking patterns in several areas of the world. The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), for instance, encourages decreasing the consumption of “snack foods” but also provides few suggestions for “snacks.” Although their intended meaning may not seem difficult to discern, the plethora of “snack” definitions among the American public may complicate the interpretation of these guidelines by some sectors of the general public, the intended audience for these guidelines (42). Food-insecure individuals have limited or uncertain “access at all times to enough food for an active, healthful life” (56, 57). Another cross-sectional study in Irish adults (n = 958) assessed the nutrient contributions of foods in their daily diets by location of consumption (50). The 2015 Scientific Report of the DGA Advisory Committee recommends selecting “healthy” and “smart snacks” (46) but does not list “healthy” snacks or define “smart” snacks. G. A large area of a sea or ocean partially enclosed by land, especially a long landlocked portion of sea opening through a strait. Although a comprehensive discussion on the plethora of environmental factors that influence eating is beyond the scope of this review, some factors relevant to snacking, including social modeling and food insecurity, will be addressed. All of the questions were open-ended. Accessed 8 Mar. These recommendations, in conjunction with current snack food preferences, could be used to develop recommendations for health-promoting snacks that are rich in the nutrients of concern (22). Thomson M, Spence JC, Raine K, Laing L. Chapman CD, Nilsson VC, Thune HÅ, Cedernaes J, Le Grevès M, Hogenkamp PS, Benedict C, Schiöth HB. The guidelines mention that “legumes, nuts, and seeds can be eaten as snacks” (, Brazil's Dietary Guidelines discourage snacking between meals but suggest that individuals with higher energy needs consume small meals of fruit or “milk, yogurt, or nuts” (, Canada's Food Guide recommends limiting salty snacks and eating vegetables and fruit for snacks. “Boring” distractions may increase snack intake even more. “Gulf.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gulf. Verhoeven AAC, Adriaanse MA, de Vet E, Fennis BM, de Ridder DTD. In the United Arab Emirates, women snack more than children, but data on Emirati men's snacking habits were not available for comparison (11). In 2006, salty snacks including chips and nuts comprised 14.3% of total snacks consumed (18). gulf (n.) late 14c., "profound depth," from Old French golf "a gulf, whirlpool," from Italian golfo "a gulf, a bay," from Late Latin colfos, from Greek kolpos "bay, gulf of the sea," earlier "trough between waves, fold of a loose garment," originally "bosom," the common notion being "curved shape." In this study, the most common reason for consuming unhealthy snacks was that “they looked or smelled so tempting” (55% of snacking occasions), followed by “hunger” (49%) and “needing energy” (23%) (55). Pronounced like oh-wah, the name is inspired from the Muscogee Creek language to mean “big water.” A little more about OWA… OWA is a joint venture with the City of Foley and its Foley Sports Tourism Complex. NHANES collects food security data on individuals through a Food Security Survey Module (56, 57, 70). Similar to the definitions of snacking, the desire to snack depends on several different factors. Similarly, a cross-sectional study in 1104 adolescents found that 14- to 16-y-olds who were “sensitive to reward” consumed more energy-dense snacks and sugar-sweetened beverages than did individuals who were less “sensitive to reward” (64). However, in the conclusion of this study, the authors expressed hesitance about defining any of these terms and suggested that due to the considerable variation among participant responses, the root word “snack” should be avoided in research questionnaires (38). gulf definition: 1. a very large area of sea surrounded on three sides by a coast: 2. the Persian Gulf and the…. For women of childbearing age, their guide encourages fruit and yogurt for snacks (, England's National Health Service recommends snacking on dried fruit in the evening as a way to eat more fruit and also recommends nuts and fresh fruit as snacks. All customers on Gulf Air may request a special meal to suit their dietary requirements from the list below. The French have an eating occasion called goûter between lunch and dinner (26). (13, 14) “Heavy snackers” (≥3 snacks/d) from Brazil receive ∼35% of their daily energy intake from snacks (13). Persons who skipped breakfast but ate 2 snacks had the “lowest intake of all micronutrients except sodium” (32). Salty snacks, including crackers, popcorn, and pretzels, are also popular among Canadian youth (16). These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'gulf.' The nutrient insufficiencies and excesses of certain countries could also be used to develop snack recommendations and even formulate specific snack foods. Although the differences between the definitions of “snacks,” “snacking,” and “snack foods” were not significant, the data did suggest “conceptually consistent differences in usage” among the terms on the basis of location of food consumption, food choice, and time of day (38). However, the Nordic recommendations list no options for healthy snacks (86), the Omani guide recommends simply choosing snacks “wisely” (41), and the Australian guidelines suggest only “legumes, nuts, and seeds” for snacks (43). However, for this group, the foods selected for snacks were similar both in and outside the home, which may be due to parents bringing snacks from the home for their children to eat outside the home (48). Whether we loved the food, location, atmosphere or all three, we recommend you check out these Gulf Shores and Orange Beach restaurants on your next Alabama Gulf Coast vacation. Location may affect food selection for snacks (37, 49, 50) as well as portion size (48). Therefore, on the basis of cross-sectional data, the choice of foods eaten for snacks is an area of concern for public health. A few countries, Greenland, Sweden, France, and Switzerland (45, 81–83, 85), already provide specific suggestions for snacks that include more options than dairy or nuts. In this study, individuals who classified their eating occasions as meals therefore seemed to choose more nutrient-dense foods. Yet, we know that individuals are consuming energy outside of meals (2, 6–21), regardless of the overall prevalence of snacking or its impact on health. Instead, participants could be asked to simply record meals and food or caloric beverage items consumed between meals. These studies found that individuals who are food insecure without hunger snack more often, eat larger meals, and may consume more calories from snacks than food-secure individuals (56). Lay's are made and packed by Tasty Foods and Corina Snacks LTD, with Mediterranean flavors which include Feta cheese flavor, Tzatziki, Olive and Tomato, Oregano, Sea Salt & Black Pepper and various more. Similarly, American children receive ∼27% of their daily energy intake from snacks (77); and in both China and Mexico, children snack more frequently than adults (14, 21). However, in some countries, including France (19, 28), the Philippines (24), and Mexico (14, 24, 69), a fourth “meal” or snack is part of a traditional meal pattern. Other motivations to consume snacks include distracted eating and the association of eating with certain activities. In this study, snacking was inversely associated with body fat in normal-weight individuals [BMI (in kg/m2) <25] but was positively associated with waist circumference and subcutaneous fat thickness in overweight and obese men and women (25). The formation of gulf takes place, by the movement in the earth crust, i.e. The motivations to snack discussed in this review include hunger (26, 28, 47), location (37, 48–50), social/food culture and environment (26, 51–57), cognitive factors (58–62), and hedonic eating (63–66). 2. A third survey conducted in England found that respondents (n = 121) defined snacks, snacking, and snack foods differently (38). The second survey of college students found that the time of day and location of consumption also factored into whether an eating occasion was considered a meal or a snack (37). Yet, in another study, initiation of eating in the absence of hunger was not significantly correlated with sensitivity to reward (65). Lipoeto NI, Geok Lin K, Angeles-Agdeppa I. Bellisle F, Dalix AM, Mennen L, Galan P, Hercberg S, de Castro JM, Gausseres N. Ovaskainen M-L, Tapanainen H, Pakkala H. Ovaskainen M-L, Reinivuo H, Tapanainen H, Hannila M-L, Korhonen T, Pakkala H. Taillie LS, Afeiche MC, Eldridge AL, Popkin BM. More research is needed in this area with more diverse study populations over longer time periods to determine how distracted eating affects intake and body weight. However, snacks contribute a more substantial amount to daily energy intake of Brazilians (21% of daily intake) than of Mexicans (12% of daily intake). Some studies that used cross-sectional data, especially from multiple studies, even reclassified participant-defined eating occasions (1, 2, 5, 9, 11, 18, 24, 35). Research articles for this review were identified via database searches with the use of the term “snack” and from the bibliographies of relevant articles. Even though these factors may be associated with poor dietary choices in some populations, the motivation to snack as well as the health impact of snacking are subject to considerable interindividual variation, which merits further investigation. Tonkin Gulf Resolution. Although several different definitions have been proposed in the literature, in this review “snacks” will refer to eating foods or consuming caloric beverages between regular meals (7, 11, 14, 17, 21, 23, 24). Eating frequency and energy regulation in free-living adults consuming self-selected diets, Effects of eating frequency, snacking, and breakfast skipping on energy regulation: symposium overview. Golf slang is a colorful part of the game, and golf slang terms can be universally used or be specific to a very small region. UAE: 9 Healthy snack hacks for home-learning kids from Annabel Karmel. They are called so because they are members of the GCC. Located throughout many southern states, boiled peanuts are very much a part of the northern Florida food scene. The section concludes with a brief discussion of the associations of snacking with cardiometabolic health markers, especially lipid profiles and weight. As an example, secondary analyses of data from the NHANES in the United States, which relies on participant definitions of eating occasions, are intended to represent the entire American population (39). In fact, the number of sharks in the Gulf of Mexico shows just how strong and healthy the ecosystem is. Sweetened coffee and tea and sugar-sweetened beverages were 2 of the top 5 snacks in Brazil (13), and beverages overall are a popular snack category in China (21). Although eating at home or at work is associated with more healthful food choices for snacks, eating at other locations is associated with larger snack sizes (48) and higher fat and lower fiber content (49, 50). Although snacking when hungry tends to be associated with the consumption of health-promoting foods, snacking in the absence of hunger leads to the consumption of fat, sugar, and sodium-rich foods (26). Government-issued dietary guidelines could also benefit from the use of a clear and consistent definition of snack and snack food or the elimination of these terms altogether. “Snack foods” are discussed as a major source of fats (, The Swedish Nutrition Recommendations state that 2–3 snacks may be included each day as part of a healthful diet (, Switzerland provides an entire page of healthy snack ideas, which includes fruit, vegetables, whole-grain breads, cheese, yogurt, milk, and nuts but advises against sweets and fatty, salty snacks (, The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend “raw, cut-up vegetables” and fruit as snacks (, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (, Agence Française de Securité Sanitaire des Aliments (, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Supreme Scientific Health Council (, Calcium, fiber, folic acid, iron, vitamin D, zinc, Department of Nutrition, Ministry of Health of Oman (, Calcium, iodine, iron, vitamin A, vitamin D, Arab Center for Nutrition, Nutrition and Health Studies Unit of Bahrain (, Folic acid, iron, magnesium, selenium, vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc, Proprietary Association of Great Britain (, Calcium, fiber, iron, potassium, vitamin D, Scientific Report of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (, Copyright © 2021 American Society for Nutrition. Snacking frequency was assessed by using a 5-point Likert scale that asked participants to rate how often they snacked while watching TV (“never” to “every day”) (61). Snacks, snacking, and snack foods are difficult to define and study. In the United States, “salty snacks, desserts, candy, and sweetened beverages” are popular snack choices (21), and salty snacks have become especially popular since 1977 (18). Provided labels, however, still varied by study. editors. In addition to affecting micronutrient intake, defining eating occasions as meals instead of snacks influences food choices later in the same day (30). Find out what is the full meaning of GULF on Abbreviations.com! Beverages are also popular snacks among American children (77). The definition of and motivation to snack depend on external factors such as the time of day, type of food, food availability, and location, among others. If eating companions consume a large portion of food, the person eating with them also tends to eat more. Increasing eating occasions and decreasing time between eating occasions in the United States, Daily eating frequency and cardiometabolic risk factors in young Australian adults: cross-sectional analyses, Nutrition transition in the United Arab Emirates, Food consumption patterns and nutrition transition in South-East Asia, Prevalence and energy intake from snacking in Brazil: analysis of the first nationwide individual survey. The manner in which an eating occasion is labeled (e.g., as a meal or a snack) may influence other food choices an individual makes on the same day and satiety after consumption. More men are “snackers” in Finland, however (20), and in Greece, the snacking habits of men and women are similar (6). The Swedish Nutrition Recommendations suggests sandwiches of bread and margarine, fruit, milk, and occasional sweets as snacks (84), and Le Guide Alimentaire Pour Tous from France makes specific snack suggestions, including fruit, bread with butter and jam, and raw vegetables, for individuals who prefer to eat frequently (82). Sed lacinia, urna non tincidunt mattis, tortor. Fruit is the most common snack food in Mexico (14), and one of the most popular snack items in Brazil (13). Although the results of this review and study assess a pattern of “frequent eating” rather than “snacking,” they both suggest that consuming food more often throughout the day, an eating pattern that could be due to snacking, improves lipid concentrations and blood pressure.