Sleepy Hollow He is especially for skilled on horseback. And of course, Tom who presented more than a black hero, he was the author of transcending race. This ambition is demonstrated in many ways. The Headless Horseman/Abraham returns as a major antagonist in Season 2. JSTOR. Likewise, Ichabod is a lonely man with overthinking and fears. In his human life, Abraham was a proud man and a clear product of his time and family. Although the Headless Horseman has inability to speak on his own (unless he reveal his head of his human soul which only Katrina and Henry could see), he still speaks via possessing Andy Brooks' body as his host. Brom Van Brunt, nicknamed appropriately Brom Bones, represents the strength of America’s motherland, Great Britain. While the connections between your claims and evidence may seem self-evident to you they may not be evident to your readers. Levine, Robert, and Arnold Krupat, eds. While able to hold grudges and the desire to obtain revenge, Abraham still demonstrates that his desire for Katrina to love him the way that he loves her is still strong, and that he would do nearly anything to see her happy to be at his side. B. “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”: An Allegory for a Young America. Levine and Krupat note these concerns: “There was a sense during the 1790s and early 1800s … that American nationalism was provisional, vulnerable, fragile. Delicious food is not the only luxury Crane hungers for; he longs for material possessions, too, such as land and the many animals that provide his scrumptious meals: “His heart yearned after the damsel who was to inherit these domains, and his imagination expanded with the idea, how they might be readily turned into cash, and the money invested in immense tracts of wild land, and shingle palaces in the wilderness.… He beheld himself bestriding a pacing mare, with a colt at her heel, setting out for Kentucky, Tennessee, or the Lord knows where”! “Irving’s Use of American Folklore in ‘The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.’” PMLA68.3 (1953): 425–35. Still another might see the report as evidence that the system of standardized testing doesn’t fairly evaluate students and should be changed. This claim that Brom Bones is the story’s hero and Crane the threatening force, while intriguing, seems misguided, especially as Irving himself described Bones as Crane’s “formidable rival” (973), as previously mentioned. He was famous in his countryside because of his horsemanship and strength. However, Bones is a careless, free, and company loving man. Robert Levine and Arnold Krupat. Abraham may be in the dark on what is going on between Jeremy Crane and Moloch, as he was confused to why Katrina was ill, not knowing that Moloch was trying to use her to enter the mortal world. Martin concurs: “It would appear that for Irving there is no place, or a very limited place, for the hero of the imagination in the culture of early America. As in her introduction, Monica outlines an alternative argument carefully and fairly. He served as the secondary antagonist in its first season, a major antagonist in its second season, a temporarily anti-hero in its third season, and a major antagonist in its fourth season. Brom Bones – Brom is a rather strong and large man. After being released, the Headless Horseman killed Pandora with the help of Ichabod and eventually avenged himself. Atticus Nevins | Carmilla Pines | The Devil | Evil Frank Irving | Golem | James Colby | Katrina Crane | Leena Reyes | Mary Wells | Orion | Ro'kenhronteys | Solomon Kent | The Four Who Speak As One, Cause the end of the world by killing its inhabitants and unleashing demons. Brom Van Brunt is described as a heavily built person, good looking and arrogant in a way but possessed a great sense of humor. Another person might see the same report as evidence the school should be closed and its students sent elsewhere. Hobby Brom Van Brunt, nicknamed appropriately Brom Bones, represents the strength of America’s motherland, Great Britain. This link will help you practice this all important skill: Introduction to MLA Documentation by Wren Mills, Bowling Green Technical College. Also, he was … JSTOR. He had overheard Bones boast that he would "double the schoolmaster up, and lay him on a shelf of his own schoolhouse." The Horseman rode away, finally having gotten Katrina. Readers should remember that “Ichabod is not ultimately the loser in this legend. All he has lost is a farm girl’s love and a measure of self-respect; the former was no real passion, the latter can be repaired” (Hoffman 433–34). He's a guy's guy. Monica believes that Irving’s story “is an allegory for the goals, the problems, and the livelihood of an adolescent America” because “the description of [Ichabod] does not conform to one of a strong favorite, but to that of an underdog.” She also believes as she does because “Katrina Van Tassel…is the prize, the treasure coveted by each nation—she represents power, honor, respect, and abundant resources.” We could say the same thing about Monica’s other subclaims. Ancitif | Andy Brooks | Demons | Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse | Conquest | Headless Horseman | Famine | Hessians (Gunthur) | War | Headless Horseman's Head | Gina Lambert | Lilith the Succubus | Order of the Blood Moon | Pied Piper | Serilda of Abaddon | Tree Monster, British Army In short, she answers yet another question readers are likely to ask of writers: “Have you considered this other point of view?” Note the way Monica explains potential objections to her argument, anticipating her readers’ skepticism about her argument. She was imprisoned to be given to him, once his and Moloch's deal was complete. Their idea of Irving’s tale is summed up by Lloyd Daigrepont, who argues that “Brom is no musclebound bully, but rather a vigorous youth with a puckish spirit and a joyful exuberance for life” (75), who simply “wishes to rid Sleepy Hollow of the threat of Ichabod Crane” (76–77). He was willing to consider Katrina's offer to find a spell to separate him from his Horseman aspect but refused to return with the group after the fight with Orion; wishing to live freely. In “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” the candidate of hero is Brom Bones. He is a formidable man, “a burley, roaring, roystering blade … the hero of the country round, which rung with his feats of strength and hardihood” (Irving 972). They must anticipate their readers’ new questions: “Why do you think that?” and “How do you know?” To explain why she thinks as she does about “Sleepy Hollow,” Monica begins each section of her paper with a subclaim, which is a specific, debatable statement that supports the global claim from the introduction. Sound like the opposite of anyone you know? The horseman taunted Ichabod, claiming he had murdered his best friend. Brom was well known for his massive knowledge and skilled horsemanship. He was described as muscular and strong, thus he was given the nick name Brom Bones by the townspeople. The first major conflict was between America and Great Britain. He has displayed the greatest animosity towards Ichabod as he took Katrina and his head from him. Before that, they successfully killed at least three people, including Benjamin Franklin who was beheaded by the Horseman. He and his family came to America, and it was Abraham's dream to live in a country of democracy and freedom. You should think carefully about how the evidence you quote supports the subclaims you make. Abraham Let’s pull the subclaims out of the body of Monica’s paper so we can look at them more closely: Each of these subclaims advances one aspect of the global claim, helping round out the ideas that Monica broaches in her introduction. Readers may benefit by understanding that the opposing forces presented here are these two characters, the victim and the victor, the underdog and the front-runner—not those of supernatural and reality—in order to understand a major significance of Irving’s tale. Powers/Skills The Norton Anthology of English Literature. “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” can be read as a tale of opposing forces, but not in the same way as ghost story. As a result of the Kindred, Death may not be able to reclaim his skull unless the Kindred is decapitated, which could prove difficult. Not only is the beauty ample, but the natural resources are overflowing: there are “fat meadow lands, the rich fields of wheat, of rye, of buckwheat, and Indian corn, and the orchard burthened with ruddy fruit” (971); in this place “nature wore that rich and golden livery which we always associate with the idea of abundance” (976). When readers understand that the rivalry in Irving’s “The Legend of Sleepy of Hollow” is not only between the opposing forces of two characters, but also between an underdog and a powerful bully, then they can understand a central allegory of the story: an allegory of a young and developing America. The description of this character does not conform to one of a strong favorite, but to that of an underdog: “He was tall, but exceedingly lank, with narrow shoulders, long arms and leg, hands that dangled a mile out of his sleeves, feet that might have served for shovels, and his whole fame most loosely hung together” (967). At that moment Moloch's minions burst in and grabbed the horseman and Andy, causing them vanish into thin air, saving Ichabod. His motives for this possession are not supported by any reasons but personal desire. When these allegories are understood, and these opposing forces are revealed, readers will finally be able to understand a central message behind Irving’s tale—it is an allegory for the goals, the problems, and the livelihood of an adolescent America. While it appears clear that Irving’s tale is an allegory for a budding America and the rivalry between this underdog and its stronger, older relative Great Britain, some would disagree. The two dueled, Abraham managed to overpower Ichabod and held him at sword point, however before the fight could go any further, they were attacked by Hessian's who shot Abraham. Bones finds his flaw of overthinking and extreme fear and dupes him there. It is a little valley in which “a small brook glides through [it], with just murmur enough to lull you to repose, and the occasional whistle of a quail, or the tapping of a woodpecker, is almost the only sound that ever breaks in upon the uniform tranquility” (956). This budding nation, youthful and inexperienced as it was, found it necessary to work its way up in the world. Orion failed and got trapped in Purgatory. Brom Bones is really Abraham Van Brun. He is a formidable man … powerful and skilled, always coming out on top.”, SC4: “Katrina Van Tassel, daughter of the aforementioned Baltus Van Tassel, completes this allegory of an adolescent America because she is the prize, the treasure coveted by each nation—she represents power, honor, respect, and abundant resources.”. brom bones mutant eggs display a defect in the Ca 2+ wave, which correlates with the strength of the egg activation defect. This claim that Brom Bones is the story’s hero and Crane the threatening force, while intriguing, seems misguided, especially as Irving himself described Bones as Crane’s “formidable rival” (973), as previously mentioned. “New York and New England: Irving’s Criticism of American Society.” American Literature 38.4 (1967):455–67. Introduction to MLA Documentation by Wren Mills, Bowling Green Technical College, http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/creating-literary-analysis/s05-08-student-writer-at-work-monica-.html, CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike, http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/creating-literary-analysis/s05-09-understanding-the-body-of-moni.html, SC1: “The glen of Sleepy Hollow itself embodies the characteristics of the fresh, new land of America.”, SC2: “Ichabod Crane is essential to this allegory of the new nation, because he is the representation of the American nation itself. Cause the end of the world by killing its inhabitants and unleashing demonsGet his headGet back Katrina (formerly)Return to a mortal being Abraham challenged his friend to a duel and when he apparently won, he was mortally shot by a Hessian soldier. of limb, he had received the nickname of BROM BONES, by which he was universally known. Terence Martin breaks these ideas down: “By fitting the notion of gullibility into the dominant metaphor of Ichabod’s oral preoccupation, Irving emphasizes the childlike quality of his protagonist. After this he rode off to meet up with Jeremy Crane, who was really the Second Horseman of the Apocalypse, "War." He is powerful and skilled, always coming out on top: “He was famed for great knowledge and skill [in horsemanship] … he was foremost at all races and cockfights, and with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires in rustic life, was the umpire of all disputes” (972). Meanwhile the Horseman's horse found the Hessian's, who realized its rider had been imprisoned came up with a plan to free him. 15 Nov. 2010. He later broke in and murdered the Freemasons before they could share their information on the Horseman's weaknesses. (inference) The Headless Horseman is most likely Brom Bones. Abraham's Horseman form is portrayed by Richard Cetrone, Jeremy Owens and Craig Branham. We get it, we get it. However, the Hessian mercenaries employed by Great Britain wore their own distinct uniforms. In "The Weeping Lady", he asked Jeremy Crane/Henry Parrish to strengthen the protective spells over the house where they kept Katrina to ensure that she couldn't get out, but when he discovered that she had been captured by the Weeping Lady (a fact that he may not have known who was responsible for this), he left out to find her, a sign that he views her safety as one of his priorities, even as one of the Four Horsemen. He is most likely the one in disguise as the Headless Horseman. Many critics, in fact, depict the rivalry as one between the regions and cultures in New England, and label Ichabod as the “threat,” or the bully. Ichabod has the book smarts; Brom has the street smarts. What are some characteristics of Katrina Van Tassel?--Only Child of Baltus Van Tassel--18 years old The Role of Katrina Van Tassel. Such writers persuade their readers to follow their opinions about literature through carefully considered, well-organized claims, subclaims, and evidence. Crane is overly confident that he will one day acquire for himself the beautiful daughter and land of Baltus Van Tassel, a wealthy Dutch farmer. “A childish (primitive) society might legitimately take an interest in things imaginative; such a society, however, was precisely what America wanted not to be” (Martin 139). appearance (Crane in paragraph 8, Brom Bones in paragraph 26). Daigrepont, Lloyd. Eventually, Abraham decides to perform the binding ritual on Katrina on the eve of Moloch's rise to take her as his prize, as agreed through his pact with the demon. The description of this character does not conform to one of a strong favorite, but to that of an underdog.”, SC3: “Brom Van Brunt, nicknamed appropriately Brom Bones, represents the strength of America’s motherland, Great Britain. JSTOR. Abraham was overwhelm by shock and sorrow, but at the same time he received nothing but humiliation and disgrace. It is a legend of rivalry, a rivalry between the characters Ichabod Crane and Brom Van Brunt. Ichabod can swallow and digest anything; therefore he is always and increasingly gullible.… Irving couples the oral stage and imaginative indulgence; both signify childhood” (143). In exchange for Katrina, Abraham became the incarnation of Death. The War of 1812, which emerged from trade disputes with England, can therefore be seen as a war that, at least in part, spoke to Americans’ desires to put an end to such anxiety by in effect reenacting the American Revolution against England and winning a victory once and for all” (931). Evil-doer Indeed, with his waggish humour and prodigious strength, Brom Bones was quite the hero, all the country round. Headless If he had been born later, and in the Midwest, he probably would have been a cowboy. Katrina managed to convince Abraham that she would not endeavor to escape and to allow her feelings for him to develop naturally. Their idea of Irving’s tale is summed up by Lloyd Daigrepont, who argues that “Brom is no musclebound bully, but rather a vigorous youth with a puckish spirit and a joyful exuberance for life,” who simply “wishes to rid Sleepy Hollow of the threat of Ichabod Crane” (75, 76–77). He is boisterous, burly, and the hero of the area, known for his heroics and feats of strength, for which he earns the nickname Brom Bones. Like the headless horseman, Brom enjoys charging down the coun The following is one example that will show you how warrants provide the logical connection between claim and evidence. It was later revealed in "Necromancer" that he was once Ichabod's friend and Katrina's former fiancee until Katrina chose to be with Ichabod instead of him, which led him to assume that Ichabod had stolen Katrina from him. “A drowsy, dreamy influence seems to hang over the land, and pervade the very atmosphere” (965), and any who dally long enough while passing through or decide to call the place home “begin to grow imaginative—to dream dreams, and see apparitions” (966). When you use evidence, you should consider how different readers might interpret it, and if you foresee dramatic differences, you should carefully explain how you arrived at the connections you’ve drawn. Imprisoned the horseman possessed Andy to communicate, Ichabod accidentally discovered the neckless Abraham had given Katrina all those years ago, he demanded to know how he had gotten it. Insko, Jeffrey. -- "Brom Bones" is a nickname for strength ^Short for Abraham. But Ichabod was too conscious of the strength of his enemy to accept this challenge against him. Tracking down Andy who was the only one who could communicate with him, they began to seek the Horseman's secrets. However, in the end, Grace and Abbie succeeded and canceled the Traveler's Spell, returning the timeline back to normal. Katrina Van Tassel, daughter of the aforementioned Baltus Van Tassel, completes this allegory of an adolescent America because she is the prize, the treasure coveted by each nation—she represents power, honor, respect, and abundant resources. Serial homicide This discovery was subsequently confirmed. Irving, Washington. Ask students to illustrate these passages to help While initially a good man, he was devastated and angered by Katrina's decision to leave him upon the discovery that Ichabod had been the true love of her life. Brom is described by the narrator as the lovable prankster who loves having fun. In the series, Washington's Bible has the Headless Horseman as the First Horseman of the Apocalypse with the description of what in the actual Book of Revelation is. 9 Dec. 2010. He is also known as Brom Bones. He is stopped by Ichabod and Abbie, who take him to the underground prison chamber and once again chain him up. They told Andy to tell the horseman to meet Ichabod in the cemetery. When one hears the title “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,” they might shiver a little and think of the infamous spectre, “the apparition of a figure on horseback without a head … known, at all the country firesides, by the name of The Headless Horseman of Sleepy Hollow” (Irving 966). Abraham was Ichabod's best friend, he was initially a good, but somewhat arrogant man, who sided with the rebels. JSTOR. This adolescent American had proved its ambition to be free, but now hoped to gain the respect of the world, power in the world order, pride in itself, and a sense of nationalism to infuse its people. He attempted to kill Ichabod, but soon spared him when Katrina revealed who the culprit was when he found them together. Donald Ringe boldly claims that “Ichabod Crane is clearly a Connecticut Yankee invading—and threatening—a New York Dutch society” (455). (commonly referred to as The Sketch Book), which Irving issued serially throughout 1819 and 1820, using the pseudonym "Geoffrey Crayon". Brom made up the story of the Headless Horseman to scare a Heretic that he believed to be courting his love interest, Katrina, out of town. Nine months after Katrina's death, a mysterious woman named Pandora encounters the Headless Horseman and seals him away in her box, and is granted the power of a demon that causes fear in its victims before killing them in exchange. Overpowering Crane the Horseman tried to kill him, however Andy intervened as Moloch had forbidden it. Great Britain, however, was struggling to maintain its own pride and power after its defeat to the adolescent America; this once all-powerful empire wanted to uphold the respect it had earned throughout history. Putting It Together: Writing About Literature. Full Name She maintains a tone of engagement with other scholars throughout the paper, even when she disagrees with their ideas. Brom Van Brunt a.k.a. The glen of Sleepy Hollow itself embodies the characteristics of the fresh, new land of America. He is voiced by entertainment legend Bing Crosby. ready frontier Hercules, Abraham (Brom) Bones, known for his physical strength, horsemanship, and good natured hell raising, who is presented as Ichabod's main competitor for the affection of Katrina. Brom Bones is really Abraham Van Brun. Having him imprisoned, Ichabod and Abbie decided to interrogate the Horseman and find his secrets. Continuing the fight, the Horseman revealed the deal and that Moloch would give him what he always wanted, not revenge but Katrina. A nation of [Rips and] Ichabods, Americans might reason, would soon be no nation at all” (144). “Ichabod Crane: Inglorious Man of Letters.” Early American Literature 19.1 (1984): 68–81. Abraham von Brunt | Banastre Tarleton | Benedict Arnold | William Howe, Dreyfuss Enterprises To the north, the crew spotted more "high peaks," which they named Plover Island for the ship that had… He was always ready for the fight but had more mischief in his fights rather than harsh words. “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.” Norton Anthology of American Literature.Ed. This place is tranquil and beautiful, just as the new land of America was perceived by all who settled there. Writing scholars call these underlying values and assumptions warrants. … He is mischievous, but he is often motivated by goodwill. Print. Irving meant his tale to convey a warning to the budding nation: it is a reminder of its vulnerability, its problems, and the obstacles and hardships that stand in the way of its success. Not only did many different countries and groups of people lust over the ample land, but this new world also created a struggle for power. The Horseman arrived, just after Crane had dug the Head up. And although he is respected and admired—“The neighbours looked upon him with a mixture of awe, admiration, and good-will” (973)—he can be a bit of a bully, especially in said rivalry: Ichabod became the object of whimsical persecution to Bones, and his gang of rough riders. Call students' attention to the way Irving assembles a picture of Ichabod Crane out of separate elements, enhancing his ungainliness, while he presents Brom Bones in broader strokes, conveying an impression of energy and strength. But what was still more annoying, Brom took all opportunities of turning him into ridicule in the presence of his mistress, and had a scoundrel dog, whom he taught to whine in the most ludicrous manner, and introduced as a rival of Ichabod’s, to instruct her in psalmody. Alias At which point the horseman broke free from his chains and walking into another room, grabbed a sword. Crane met the horseman on the battlefield, wielding a large battle axe. In addition, Monica supplements her direct textual evidence in her paper with insights from other scholars, which also become counterclaims to her argument: “Lloyd Daigrepont states that ‘Ichabod [also] represents the modern debasement of imagination by materialism, a pious utilitarianism, and the idea of progress, particularly as these were supported in early 19th-century America’ and goes so far as to call Crane himself ‘a representative of progress’ (72, 73).” Secondary evidence grants authority to Monica’s argument, demonstrating that she has studied scholarly conversations around this work and is now engaging in those conversations in her own writing. Ichabod Crane and Brom Van Brunt are meant to be more than just two characters with a rivalry—they are actually representations of the young American nation and its “motherland,” Great Britain. Lloyd Daigrepont states that “Ichabod [also] represents the modern debasement of imagination by materialism, a pious utilitarianism, and the idea of progress, particularly as these were supported in early 19th-century America” (72) and goes so far as to call Crane himself “a representative of progress” (73). Abraham Van Brunt Brom Bones was an American Bystander and is now a Fae1. But Andy, under Moloch's power secretly broke the spell, letting the dark forces in. He is boisterous, burly, and the hero of the area, known for his heroics and feats of strength, for which he earns the nickname Brom Bones. “Rip, Ichabod, and the American Imagination.” American Literature 31.2 (1959): 137–49. It is later revealed that the Headless Horseman was once Abraham Van Brunt, Ichabod's former best friend and the man who Katrina was originally betrothed to. Sleepy Hollow (1999): Lady Van Tassel | Headless Horseman | Reverend Steenwyck, Television They harried his hitherto peaceful domain; smoked out his singing school, by stopping up the chimney; broke in to the school-house at night, in spite of its formidable fastening of withe and window stakes, and turned everything topsy-turvy, so that the poor schoolmaster began to think all the witches in the country held their meetings there. In reality, she was manipulating him using his love for her as a tool to keep herself safe. Remember that the primary question readers ask of writers is “What do you think?” Because claims are specific and debatable, however, writers cannot simply state their claim. Brom Van Brunt, nicknamed appropriately Brom Bones, represents the strength of America’s motherland, Great Britain.