To date, it is considered the deadliest animal on the planet, with a single sting capable of killing an adult human in less than 2-minutes. 5.2.2018 … It is considered by the medical community to be one of the most toxic compounds found in nature. Box Jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri), aka Sea Wasp, 9. The immediate threat to a survivor is any tentacles that remain attached to the skin, as they will still be injecting toxin. On our last trip to Cavelossim (Dec 08) the sea at times was almost like a swimming pool and as calm as I had seen it in a long time. It’s not really coral, and it can’t start a fire. Fortunately, fatalities from stonefish stings have steadily declined in recent years due to the widespread availability of effective antivenoms. A single bite is powerful enough to kill an adult human in less than 30-minutes, making this snake an extremely dangerous species that should be avoided whenever possible. He has a keen interest in biology. The Dubois’ sea snake possesses an extremely potent venom that is comprised of numerous myotoxins, nephrotoxins, cardiotoxins, as well as postsynaptic neurotoxins. If someone’s bitten, the bite may go unnoticed for the first 30 minutes or so. Although they can exist on relatively little food over a prolonged period, they are opportunistic predators and will aggressively attack almost any animal that enters their territory, including humans. Rather than just drifting wherever the tides take it, as with other jellyfish, the box jelly can actually swim at a speed of up to 4 knots, making it a lot more dangerous. These spines will also deliver toxin when any pressure is applied to the fish’s body, including putting bare feet on it by accident. As the poison progresses in the body, paralysis or loss of consciousness are common, followed by complete respiratory failure and death if medical treatment is not sought immediately. “Verrucotoxin, A Stonefish Venom, Modulates Calcium Channel Activity. A ‘dead zone’ in the Arabian Sea that is “bigger than Scotland” has been discovered by British scientists. Endemic to Central and South America, the poison dart frog is considered one of the most poisonous species on the planet. No wonder some new divers are frightened by aquatic life! In no particular order, they are Blacktip Reef Sharks, Sicklefin Lemon Sharks, Whitetip Reef Sharks, Silvertip Sharks, Grey Reef Sharks, Tawny Nurse Sharks, Bull Sharks and the occasional Tiger Shark. Nevertheless, standard treatment usually involves admittance to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), followed by intubation and ventilation to ensure proper breathing. These are mainly psychological, including sudden-onset anxiety and psychological phenomena, such as a feeling of impending doom. Croatia is a bea u tiful serene croissant of a country situated in the heart of old Europe. Primary treatment revolves around keeping victims alive past the 24-hour mark. Although antivenom exists to counteract the effects of the deathstalker’s sting, the scorpion’s venom is incredibly resistant to this form of treatment and often requires tremendous doses to be effective. Kraits are attracted by light and occasionally they’ll venture into people’s homes. Another jellyfish that can be found in Fijian waters, the Irukandji measures only 1 cm across, but it’s almost as lethal as the box jellyfish. (Don’t forget your insect repellent!) The deathstalker scorpion (also known as the “Palestine yellow scorpion” or “Omdurman scorpion”) is a species of highly-venomous scorpion from the Middle East. The thing is that scorpions normally hide during the heat under the rock, woodpiles, or tree barks. Operating from a concealed den, the inland taipan is an extremely aggressive hunter that feeds on a variety of rodents, birds, lizards, and smaller snakes when the occasion arises. The poison dart frog is found primarily in the tropical rainforests of Central and South America. The best treatment for a fire coral sting is, yet again, a vinegar rinse. , which allows them to travel great distances with minimum effort. This powerful toxin is known to attack the cardiovascular, respiratory, and central nervous systems of its victims. For those lucky enough to survive an encounter with this species, long-term complications are common, with heart, lung, and kidney damage being some of the most common issues. By Mohammed Mirza Saudi Arabia has already seen some of its indigenous animals poached to extinction in the past including the prized Arabian and Saudi Gazelles. Over the next few paragraphs, we’ll take a look at the most dangerous animals in Fiji, and how to avoid getting them angry. If left untreated, the venom can go on to cause muscle spasms, paralysis, renal failure and cardiac arrest. Many of the documentaries have names such as "Killer Squid" and "The Deadliest Octopus." “The Fisherman and the Jinni” is a classic tale from Arabian Nights wherein a fisherman uncorks a bottle and frees a plume of smoke that forms into an ifrit. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, the average amount of time between exposure (to each animal’s toxins) and death is considered, with the assumption that no medical treatment was taken by an individual following a bite, sting, or ingestion of the animal’s toxins. In its final stages, batrachotoxin poisoning can result in either respiratory collapse or cardiac arrest, leading to death (toxinology.com). Fact 12: Absence of Coral Reef Owing to the narrow continental shelf along the coast of the Arabian Peninsula, which gets narrower along the Somali coast, no coral reefs could be found forming along the Arabian coast. To make matters worse, the frog’s poison is lethal at only 2 micrograms (the equivalent 2 grains of salt). In order to rank the world’s deadliest animals, a number of basic criteria were necessary for the extents and purposes of this work. As a result, poisoning generally occurs from unnecessary exposure to the frog’s skin. The Honey Badger has used tools, such as wooden sticks … 2 Reviews . That’s a big amount, and that’s enough to make the difference, we think, between someone surviving and somebody dying.”. The complete range of symptoms has become known as ‘, Jamie Seymour, an Associate Professor from the Australian Institute of Tropical Health, had, “You can decrease the venom load in your victim by 50 per cent. These natural abilities are further augmented by the snake’s ability to hold its breath for nearly 8 hours underwater; thus, providing the animal with ample time to hunt from the shadows. Poisonous refers to an animal that releases its toxins through a non-aggressive means (i.e. As a result, many individuals die before they even make it back to the shoreline (in severe cases). After that, it’s just a matter of keeping the area clean, dry and open to the air — time will do the rest. The stonefish is a species of highly-venomous fish from the Synanceiidae family. Symptoms usually begin rapidly after envenomation, and include vertigo, headache, nausea, abdominal cramps, vomiting, and uncontrollable diarrhea. So now that we know the difference between poisonous and venomous, let’s ask the question again…. The Dubois’ sea snake is capable of living in depths up to 262 feet (80 meters). If proper care can be achieved, however, standard treatment involves several rounds of CSL Sea Snake Antivenom, along with intravenous fluids, palliative care, and pain mitigation therapy (toxinology.com). Following envenomation, symptoms usually begin within minutes, and include severe pain at the wound site, difficulty breathing, nausea, vomiting, as well as heart rhythm irregularities. Surviving a direct predatory attack is unlikely: most of the time you’ll never see a saltwater croc coming for you until it’s too late. Spiders in Thailand: we show you the 5 creepiest crawlies to avoid. Moray eels are … See all. The Most Dangerous Animals in the Sea Stingrays possess venomous tail spines, which can end in deadly consequences for humans if engaged. It is currently estimated that nearly 20 to 40 people die from box jellyfish stings each year. Of the three sea snakes in Fiji, the Yellow-Lipped Sea Krait, also known as the Banded Sea Krait, is the most dangerous by far. Around 80 unprovoked attacks are reported every year worldwide. Larry Slawson received his Master's degree from UNC Charlotte in 2018. Yellow-Lipped Sea Krait (Laticauda colubrina), 2. This is because they have four true eyes, with retinas, corneas and lenses. Indonesian Sea Wasp. I think this is a delicacy in Japan. (Read about a large dead zone in the Baltic Sea.) Within its natural habitat, the Dubois’ sea snake is commonly found along coral reefs and areas containing large quantities of seaweed (owlcation.com). And while no antivenom has been developed to combat the animal’s deadly venom, 4-Aminopyridine and Neostigmine have shown positive results in reversing the effect of tetrodotoxin. Not only can box jellyfish swim, but they also know where they’re going! The inland taipan possesses an extremely potent venom that is comprised of hemotoxins, nephrotoxins, myotoxins, and neurotoxins. Males grow to an average length of 34 inches; females are significantly larger with an average of 56 inches. Yasmin Tayag. But don’t worry! When disturbed in this manner, the fish then produces a venom yield that is proportional to the pressure applied by the swimmer on its body. Apart from this species, no other crocodile has been seen in Fiji. Nevertheless, those with pre-existing conditions (such as heart problems, respiratory distress, or a history of allergic reactions), along with children and the elderly are extremely vulnerable to the scorpion’s venom. Shark Attacks on humans, when sharks are hungry, harassed or defending their land, though many … , but are probably confined to people who deliberately concentrate the toxin and then ingest it. It is actually, the North Western branch of the ocean while the North Eastern branch is the Bay of Bengal. My name's Miles and I've been round the world at least eight times, probably more. This is another interesting article about some of the dangers in this world, Larry. To make matters worse, many individuals don’t even realize they have been bitten due to the relatively painless nature of their bites. Deathstalkers are relatively small scorpions with an overall length of 3.5 to 4.5 inches (9 to 11.5 centimeters). Scuba Diving Grand Island +5 Water Sports With Parasailing . Today, they inhabit most of Fiji’s 330 islands, and you’ll always see them hopping through puddles and splashing in the wet grass after a rainy day. Not only can box jellyfish swim, but they also know where they’re going! A lot of people think they’re plants, because they look like plants, but in fact they’re massive colonies of tiny creatures called. These tentacles need to be carefully removed by someone wearing gloves, and then you should let the emergency services take over. Instead, it’s part of the hydrozoa classification — meaning it has more in common with a jellyfish than with real coral. Yes, there are — in fact, it’s hard to find a country without mozzies. The box jelly has up to 60 tentacles, each growing up to 10 feet long and each lined with upwards of 500,000 explosive cells that detonate when they come into contact with a chemical found on human skin (they are not triggered by touch, as previously thought). Within their natural habitat, the deathstalker is commonly found under stones, vegetation, and brush that provides them protection from the elements. However, attacks towards humans are rare. The more pressure, the more venom that’s injected — and, Although many victims have been treated for stonefish stings, in the last 40 years. Related: What are the most popular tours in Baga? In its final stages, kidney failure and respiratory failure are the two primary causes of death. The blue-ringed octopus possesses a highly-potent venom that is comprised of dopamine, tryptamine, histamines, acetylcholine, and the deadly neurotoxin known as tetrodotoxin. While imperfect, the author believes that the selection criteria employed for this study offers the best means for ranking the world’s deadliest animals. This final criteria is crucial for this work, as a variety of antidotes and antivenoms exist to counteract the toxic effects of most animal species. I have heard of a dart frog before but I didn't know anything about it either. This, in turn, prevents individuals from finding help in a timely manner, resulting in death for the majority of snakebite cases. These cells then fire out tiny, harpoon-shaped darts, (nematocysts), which inject a potent cocktail of venom that simultaneously attacks skin cells, the nervous system and the heart. It seems many of these animals live in the ocean The blue-ringed octopus is surely unuaual looking. Mohammed Mirza. Bora Bora vs Fiji: which is the better paradise? This content is accurate and true to the best of the author’s knowledge and is not meant to substitute for formal and individualized advice from a qualified professional. Staying safe from bites and stings is easy, as long as you’re careful and respectful. To date, nearly 170 different species of the frog have been discovered. This is sometimes combined with vinegar solutions, which helps to sanitize the affected area while also providing a measure of pain relief. Although considered an extremely shy and placid animal by experts, the snake is widely considered the most dangerous land-based snake in the entire world due to its extremely potent venom. But they’re most likely to be found sheltering in rock crevices, or. Within its natural habitat, the inland taipan is commonly found in areas that possess clay-like soil (due to the number of burrows and holes that are present within this environment). Many victims have been known to go into shock and drown or die of heart failure before ever reaching the shore. All Rights Reserved. Nevertheless, if hospitalization can be achieved by victims, standard treatment for a Dubois’ Sea Snake bite includes multiple rounds of CSL Sea Snake Antivenom, followed by intubation and ventilation, as well as dialysis to prevent damage to the kidneys (toxinology.com). And while survival is possible, this generally occurs in cases of mild envenomation only. These are mainly psychological, including sudden-onset anxiety and psychological phenomena, such as a feeling of impending doom. From this location, the animal is commonly found within areas with large amounts of seaweed. No deaths from stonefish have ever been recorded in Fiji. This is followed by excess salivation, nausea, and extreme vomiting. Bites from this species are life-threatening emergencies that require immediate medical attention. (Don’t forget your insect repellent!) Bites from a blue-ringed octopus require immediate treatment (within 10 minutes), as the toxins act quickly on the victim’s body, resulting in death shortly after. ? The most dangerous species include white shark, tiger shark, bull, blue and hammerhead sharks. Fortunately, bites from this species are relatively rare due to the shy disposition of the octopus. However, through diligent research I have found around fifteen animals that have been known to kill humans and can be found right here in Europe. The Arabian Sea is a part of the Indian Ocean which is surrounded by India on the east, by Pakistan and Iran on the north, by the Arabian Peninsula on the west, approximately by a line between Cape Guardafui and the western coast of Sri Lanka on the south. #10 Canadian Lynx The smallest entry on our list is the Canadian Lynx, weighing in at only 18-24 pounds and measuring 2.5-3.5 feet long. The poison dart frog (also known as the “poison frog”) is a species of highly-poisonous frog from the Dendrobatoidea family. As an ambush hunter, the snake is well-equipped to subdue food due to its lightning-fast striking ability, and venom that is deadly in only small amounts (owlcation.com). Usually a deep-golden colour, BRO uses special muscles to change the pigment of up to 60 small rings on its body, which flash an iridescent blue when the creature feels threatened. This, in turn, results in paralysis allowing the marbled cone snail to devour its prey without resistance. This is swiftly followed by excessive bleeding, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision and difficulty swallowing. Usually, victims who survive the first 24 hours will make a complete recovery. For these reasons, the inland taipan is truly one of the most dangerous animals in the world. That’s a big amount, and that’s enough to make the difference, we think, between someone surviving and somebody dying.”, Our gruesome guide to the 11 most dangerous snakes in Thailand. As a result, fatalities are common among bite victims. The entire process is blindingly quick, often lasting less than a tenth of a second. Human fatalities have been reported, but are probably confined to people who deliberately concentrate the toxin and then ingest it. The marbled cone snail possesses an extremely potent venom that contains a variety of conotoxins. Consumption or contact with the pufferfish’s poison is considered a medical emergency, as the fish’s poison rapidly attacks the victim’s body. The latter in fact was declared extinct fairly recently in 2008. There’s only one crocodile that visits Fiji, which is the Saltwater Croc that we’ve looked at above. The Iberian wolf is characterized by its white marks on the upper lips, dark marks on the tail and dark spots on the front legs. From here, the animal is provided with a plentiful array of food, including crabs, shrimp, and occasionally smaller fish. Pristine beaches, ancient civili z ations, a diverse cultu re and astonishing safety created a tourist hot spot that is visited by millions every year. In addition, survivors are known to exhibit long-term complications such as heart issues and muscle pain following stings. The number of actual deaths from box jellyfish venom is uncertain. Bite symptoms usually begin within minutes of an attack, and include headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vertigo. Saltwater crocs are hyper-carnivores, meaning that over 70 per cent of their diet is meat. Unlike other crocodiles, these are happy to spend long periods in saltwater, and have adopted a form of ‘body surfing’ the ocean currents, which allows them to travel great distances with minimum effort. Anaphylaxis and pancreatitis are also common reactions to the venom and should be monitored carefully. Each of them comes with a description of how harmful they can be to you along with their photos. However, Fiji’s most venomous snakes live in the sea, and one of them definitely belongs on our list. Unchanged for over 8.5 million years, the saltwater crocodile (or ‘Saltie’ to its friends) grows to an average length of 15 feet, although the largest recorded was a male with a length of 23 feet and a weight of over 2 tons. Staying safe from bites and stings is easy, as long as you’re careful and respectful. Further symptoms include swelling, temporary paralysis and shock, and the toxin is potentially lethal if not treated immediately with anti-venom. No deaths from stonefish have ever been recorded in Fiji. As the venom progresses into the victim’s bloodstream, fluid retention in the lungs is common and is often accompanied by convulsions and difficulties with breathing. Well, that brings our list of to a close. This might sound foolish, but there is a long history of people interacting with the Cane Toad. The last was in the 1960s, and none of them were in Fiji, so you should be OK! Thanks to ‘’Jaws’’ series, we all know shark family is dangerous. Arabian Tahr is a endangered Arabian animal that gets royal protection from UAE. The animal accomplishes this feat by using a harpoon-like stinger to subdue its prey. Follow our Facebook Page. As with most scorpions, the primary diet of the deathstalker is insects (such as earthworms and centipedes) as well as spiders. Ever wondered? For those who are lucky enough to survive an attack from the blue-ringed octopus, long-term complications are believed to be common, with heart and lung issues being among the most cited complaints from survivors. Moray Eels A moray eel in the Black Sea. The stonefish also takes on a variety of colors, including red, grey, or orangish-yellow. As their name implies, this species can be easily identified by their 50 to 60 iridescent blue rings, sharp beak, eight arms, and yellowish coloration. The Arabian Sea covers an area 1.17 times greater than the area of India. Although many victims have been treated for stonefish stings, in the last 40 years only one resulted in a fatality, and that was in Nago Beach, Japan. The Dubois’ sea snake is a highly-venomous species from the Elapidae family of snakes that includes cobras and the inland taipan. The skin of the toad is toxic, and knowledge of this is often enough to deter predators. I recently read in a review that one is not supposed to swim in the arabian sea due to the undercurrent, which makes it quite dangerous.... Is it really true?? They are typically yellow in coloration, and possess thin tails, weak pincers, and slender pedipalps. This is followed by pressure immobilization of the wound-site, along with hot-water therapy to lessen the extent of pain. Fortunately, poisoning is considered extremely rare as the animal is unable to inject individuals with its poisons on its own. If consumed, one of the primary treatments for pufferfish poisoning is to induce vomiting, or to pump the stomach in order to empty its contents. Another favourite haunt is inside the exhaust pipes of boats, so be on the lookout for them around any marinas you visit. In its final stages, the toxins seize control of the body’s internal organs, leading to kidney failure, cardiac arrest, or complete respiratory failure (owlcation.com). from US$42.53* Goa Private Car Charter Tour For 8 Hours. The box jellyfish is found predominantly along warm coastal waters. The blue-ringed octopus refers to a collection of four highly-venomous species of octopus from the Octopodidae family. Six Most Dangerous Animals in Croatia . Affectionately known as ‘BRO’, this tiny creature lives a solitary life in tide pools and coral reefs, spending most of its time in burrows and only coming out to search for food or a mate. Nevertheless, this highly-venomous fish accounts for numerous stings each year, and should be avoided whenever possible. Within minutes, headaches followed by nausea, extreme vomiting, and abdominal cramps also begin, followed by diarrhea. From here, the snake is known to hunt a variety of fish and crustaceans, with parrotfish and surgeonfish being their most desirable form of prey. The box jellyfish (world's deadliest animal). Standard treatment involves the administration of taipan-specific antivenom, along with pressure immobilization of the wound-site. They’ll tell you to expect a slightly-delayed stinging or burning sensation, followed by a red rash which is both extremely painful and very itchy. However, the treatment advice given in the same statement is now outdated: specifically the myth that you should urinate on a sting. Blue-Ringed Octopus (Hapalochlaena lunulata), 4. The blue-ringed octopus in its natural habitat. First-aid treatment should be a compression bandage and splinting of the affected limb, followed by a course of antivenin. However, the list of dangerous animals in Fiji is actually quite short — at least on land. The inland taipan is a species of highly-venomous snake from the Elapidae family. The Honey Badger might favour honey, insects and small animals, but it will eat a snake, including the very poisonous and large ones. Endemic to the Indian Ocean and Western Pacific, the marbled cone snail is an extremely venomous species with the capacity to kill humans (and animals) with a single sting of its tail. By this point, the only chance left is for someone to start immediate CPR, until the victim can be rushed to a hospital. Like this one, Indonesian Sea Wasp is the queen of jellyfish in Indonesia, and also known for bringing some trouble for the swimmers all around the Indonesian seas. This sea is turning into a graveyard. But, if that fails, it can secrete a viscous, milky-white fluid called bufotoxin, which is fatal to a lot of animals: particularly dogs. The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature: Their potent venom is delivered through a set of 13 needle-like dorsal fin spines, which extend upwards when the fish feels threatened. The animal gets its name from the fact that Native American tribes often use the frog’s poison when creating tips for their blowdarts. The poison in a single arrow can kill 15 people, so don't touch it. So, with that said, humans could easily be named as the most dangerous animal in the world considering the fact that more than 500 000 murders happen across the world each year. In more recent years, consumption of activated charcoal has also proven quite effective in neutralizing the effects of the pufferfish’s poison, along with palliative care, life-support equipment (and measures), as well as intravenous fluids. This is generally followed by excessive bleeding, along with paralysis of the extremities. This is a list of the mammal species present in Saudi Arabia. This is usually followed by intravenous fluids (for hydration purposes), as well as palliative care which aims to control pain (and make the patient as comfortable as possible). Instead, they grab at passing fish with powerful jaws and use the suction created by their large mouths to suck down their prey whole. Combined, each of these compounds deliver a devastating blow to their victim’s body, as they actively attack the heart, lungs, and central nervous system. Untreated bites are considered fatal 100-percent of the time, with death occurring in as little as 30 minutes. Bites from the Dubois’ sea snake are life-threatening emergencies, as untreated bites are considered fatal nearly 100-percent of the time. A female Iberian wolf can weight around 30-40 kg (66-88 lb) and a male around 50 kg (110 lb). This potent mixture of toxins is lethal in tiny amounts, making this species extremely dangerous to humans. Full recoveries are common (when treatment is sought immediately); however, long-term complications generally arise from stings including muscle weakness, and organ damage. The complete range of symptoms has become known as ‘Irukandji Syndrome’. When not writing articles for Journeying The Globe, I work as a musician on cruise ships. These tiny sea creatures are remarkably beautiful, but they’re also remarkably deadly, carrying a toxin powerful enough to kill a human in minutes. Geography. In fact, it is estimated that one bite from the blue-ringed octopus is capable of killing 26 adults within just a few minutes of exposure. This is because they have, The number of actual deaths from box jellyfish venom is uncertain. The most dangerous of all Hawaii’s sharks is the Tiger Shark, easily recognised by its blunt snout and the vertical banding on its sides. Tulum or Cancun: Which Mexico City is Better to Visit? Within the Indo-Pacific, the blue-ringed octopus can usually be found living in tide pools or shallow reefs found in the region’s coastal waters. Most human-based stings occur when individuals attempt to handle the snail. In addition to antivenom, treatment revolves primarily around palliative care to mitigate the severity of the sting’s symptoms (and pain). Land, Air, and Sea But they’re most likely to be found sheltering in rock crevices, or near the roots of coconut palms. The animal can be easily identified by its relatively large shell that reaches 30 to 150 millimeters, along with its spire-like shape, and distinct coloration that includes orange and white, or black with white dots. Endemic to Southern Australia and Queensland, the taipan is a relatively large species with an overall length of approximately 5.9 feet (at maturity). Fiji has no such law (even if it did, it would be hard to police), and some people have seen this as an excuse to lick the back of cane toads in order to get high. The deadly inland taipan (world's deadliest snake). Stings from a box jellyfish are considered life-threatening emergencies that require immediate treatment. Answer 1 of 27: Hi! The immediate threat to a survivor is any tentacles that remain attached to the skin, as they will still be injecting toxin. Symptoms of a box jellyfish sting appear immediately, and include excruciating pain at the wound site, followed by throbbing sensations in the affected area, hypertension, nausea, breathing difficulties, and heart rhythm abnormalities. These are stored on microscopic stinging threads, which do the same job as jellyfish tentacles. This is one of the most powerful and dangerous animals in Spain. is, yet again, a vinegar rinse. But, after that, the symptoms appear very quickly, with muscle fatigue as the first sign that something’s wrong. As with many sea snakes, bites from this species are life-threatening emergencies that require immediate treatment for survival. In addition, fire corals have a very sharp external skeleton that can scrape the skin, so if you’re venturing out to the reefs it’s a good idea to wear purpose-designed wet shoes. I recently read in a review that one is not supposed to swim in the arabian sea due to the undercurrent, which makes it quite dangerous.... Is it really true??? Seeking medical treatment, however, is often problematic due to the remote nature of the snake’s habitat. Endemic to the Indo-Pacific region, the blue-ringed octopus is widely recognized as one of the most venomous (and dangerous) marine animals in the world. Instead, they grab at passing fish with powerful jaws and use the suction created by their large mouths to suck down their prey whole. Although treatments are usually effective (when provided rapidly), fatality-rates remain high for both treated and untreated bites. Report inappropriate content . Combined, each of these substances are highly-lethal to animals and humans, as the toxins are known to systematically attack the central nervous system, muscular-skeletal system, as well as blood, heart, and lungs of their victims.