It was established in December 1920, when the Soviets took over control of the short-lived First Republic of Armenia and lasted until 1991. Prior to Soviet rule, the Dashnaksutiun had governed the First Republic of Armenia.The Socialist Soviet Republic of Armenia was founded in 1920. In 1936, Beria and Stalin worked to deport Armenians to Siberia in an attempt to bring Armenia's population under 700,000 in order to justify an annexation into Georgia. The use of guerrilla and semi-guerrilla operations was the main reason for the high civilian casualties, which occurred during the nation-building activities of the newly established states. [20] The Soviet government, in an effort to shore up popular support for the war, also allowed for token expressions of nationalism with the re-publication of Armenian novels, the production of films such as David Bek (1944), and the easing of restrictions placed against the Church. [41] [40] The reason Armenia's decision to break away from the Soviet Union largely stemmed from Moscow's intransigence on Karabakh, mishandling of the earthquake relief effort, and the shortcomings of the Soviet economy. union republic of the Soviet Union. The Hamshenis who were deported by Stalin to Kazakhstan began petitioning for the government to move them to the Armenian SSR. This page was last changed on 8 July 2018, at 15:25. The First Republic of Armenia, officially known at the time of its existence as the Republic of Armenia, was the first modern Armenian state since the loss of Armenian statehood in the Middle Ages. Advanced Member. Authentic Big Flag Armenia Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic USSR Vintage. Soviet leaders and authorities officially condemned nationalism and proclaimed internationalism, including the right of nations and peoples to self-determination. Prior to Soviet rule, the Dashnaksutiun had governed the First Republic of Armenia. It maintains friendly relations with its neighboring states of Georgia and Iran and is a strategic ally of Russia. Khrushchev put more resources into the production of consumer goods and housing. Lizenz. The idea of what Armenians see as unification of their historical lands was prevalent throughout the 20th century and has been advocated by individuals, various organizations and institutions, including the nationalist parties Armenian Revolutionary Federation and Heritage, the ASALA and others. This move was denied by the Soviet government because of fears that the Muslim Hamshenis might spark ethnic conflicts with their Christian Armenian cousins. Most of the conflicts did not have a principal pattern with a standard armed structure. Armenians in Azerbaijan are the Armenians who lived in great numbers in the modern state of Azerbaijan and its precursor, Soviet Azerbaijan. [35] Demonstrations took place in Yerevan showing support for the Karabakh Armenians. The structure of government in the Armenian SSR was identical to that of the other Soviet republics. The Treaty of Kars was a treaty that established the borders between Turkey and the three Transcaucasian republics of the Soviet Union, which are now the independent republics of Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan. The Armenia–Turkey border is 311 km in length and runs from the tripoint with Georgia in the north to the tripoint with Azerbaijan in the south. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the state of the post-Soviet Republic of Armenia existed until the adoption of the new constitution in 1995. Its music was composed by world-famous Armenian composer Aram K Collection: Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Communism in Armenia, History of Armenia, History of Soviet Armenia, Republics of the Soviet Union, States and Territories Established in 1920. The United States recognized Armenia's independence a day before. Nagorno-Karabakh is located in the southern part of the Lesser Caucasus range, at the eastern edge of the Armenian Highlands, encompassing the highland part of the wider geographical region known as Karabakh. The Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, abbreviated as Nakhichevan ASSR, was an autonomous republic within the Azerbaijan SSR, itself a republic within the Soviet Union. Armenians living in countries such as Cyprus, France, Greece, Iraq, Lebanon, and Syria were primarily the survivors or the descendants of the genocide. Հայկական Սովետական Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետություն, Армянская Советская Социалистическая Республика, "Anthem of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic", Standard pronunciation is in Eastern Armenian (, The full history of the Armenian republic is covered by, Quoted in Ronald Grigor Suny. $14.50 + $10.00 shipping. Wikipedia. A number of Armenians joined the advancing 11th Soviet Red Army. "Soviet Armenia," in, Dekmejian, R. Hrair, "The Armenian Diaspora," in, Krikorian, Robert O. In the wake of ongoing hostilities, social memory of Soviet-era cohabitation is widely repressed. Verluise, Pierre and Levon Chorbajian (1995). Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic — See also translations at Armenian SSR. At the end of the war, after Germany's capitulation, many Armenians in both the Republic, including Armenian Communist Party First Secretary Grigor Harutyunyan (Arutyunov), and the diaspora lobbied Stalin to reconsider the issue of taking back the provinces of Kars, Iğdır, and Ardahan, which Armenia had lost to Turkey in the Treaty of Kars. Mikhail Gorbachev's introduction of the policies of glasnost and perestroika in the 1980s also fueled Armenian visions of a better life under Soviet rule. ... Armenia is the legal successor of the Armenian SSR; therefore, this license tag is also applicable to the flags of the Armenian SSR. There are no diplomatic relations between Armenia and Azerbaijan, largely due to the ongoing Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Armenians crowding around the building in Yerevan where the 1920 plenum officially declared Armenia a Soviet republic. A celebration was planned for May 28, the anniversary of the creation of the first Armenian republic. For practical reasons, the Soviet claims, if successful, would have strengthened the state's position around the Black Sea and would weaken British influence in the Middle East. historical country (1922) Location. Executive power is exercised by the government. Diaspora Armenians were divided about this: supporters of the nationalist Dashnaksutiun did not support the Soviet state, while supporters of the Armenian General Benevolent Union (AGBU) were more positive about the newly founded Soviet state. On 21 September 1991, the independence of the Republic of Armenia was confirmed in a referendum. [3] After the near-annihilation of the Armenians during the Armenian Genocide and the subsequent Turkish-Armenian War, the historic Armenian area in the Ottoman Empire was overrun with despair and devastation. Many writers, artists, scientists and political leaders, including the writer Axel Bakunts and the celebrated poet Yeghishe Charents, were executed or forced into exile. [38] On August 23, 1990, the Supreme Soviet of the Armenian SSR adopted the Declaration of Independence of Armenia. [39] [40] The document established that only the Constitution and laws of the Republic of Armenia are in force on the entire territory of Armenia. When the earthquake hit on the morning of 7 December 1988, the houses and apartments least able to resist collapse were those built during the Brezhnev years. The Soviet Union itself ceased to exist on December 26, 1991, and Armenia became an sovereign independent state in the international stage. Turkey itself was in no condition to fight against the Soviet Union, which had emerged as a superpower after the war. [44], At first, Armenia was not affected significantly by the policies set forth by Lenin's government. Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Vyacheslav Molotov presented the claims put forth by the Armenians to the other Allied heads. Seller 100% positive. 114 comments. Mikoyan tried, but failed, to save one from being executed during his trip to Armenia. Material allocated to the building of new homes, such as cement and concrete, was diverted for other uses. With amazing recklessness and unconcern, they seized and nationalized everything – military uniforms, artisan tools, rice mills, water mills, barbers' implements, beehives, linen, household furniture, and livestock. Armenian communist leaders such as Vagharshak Ter-Vahanyan and Aghasi Khanjian fell victim to the purge, the former being a defendant at the first of the Moscow Show Trials. English: Flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. Հայկական Սովետական Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետություն օրհներգ, Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, Participation in international organizations, historic Armenian area in the Ottoman Empire, "Survivor or Soviet Stories? Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (Armenia) Use: Historical : Proportion: 1:2: Adopted: 17 December 1952: Design: A plain red flag with the blue horizontal stripe and the golden hammer and sickle with a gold-bordered red star in its upper canton. According to the statistics, about 500,000 Armenians lived in Soviet Azerbaijan prior to the outbreak of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1988. Armenia confirmed its independence in a referendum on 21 September 1991 after the unsuccessful coup attempt in Moscow by the CPSU hardliners. The policies of the first Soviet Armenian government, the Revolutionary Committee (Revkom), headed by young, inexperienced, and militant communists such as Sarkis Kasyan and Avis Nurijanyan, were implemented in a highhanded manner and did not take into consideration the poor conditions of the republic and the general weariness of the people after years of conflict and civil strife. Translations. [47] Turkey dropped the issue after this. This was the first disappointment experienced by Armenians; however, as there was no possibility of return the Armenians were forced to continue their journey to Armenia. [24] In September, 1945, the Soviet Union announced that it would annul the Soviet-Turkish treaty of friendship that was signed in 1925. The following 10 files are in this category, out of 10 total. However, these soon broke down into violence against Armenians in the city of Sumgait. The republic was renamed the Republic of Georgia on November 14, 1990, and subsequently became independent before the dissolution of the Soviet Union on April 9, 1991, whereupon each former SSR became a sovereign state. All officials holding office were mandated to be members of the Communist Party and sessions were convened in the Supreme Soviet building in Yerevan. Media in category "Flags of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic". Additionally, Joseph Stalin, then acting Commissar for Nationalities, granted the areas of Nakhchivan and Nagorno-Karabakh (both of which were promised to Armenia by the Bolsheviks in 1920) to Azerbaijan. The deportation of Azerbaijanis from Armenia took place as an act of forced resettlement and ethnic cleansing throughout the 20th century. Although initially used in humor, the word went on to carry on a more pejorative connotation. Landlocked and mountainous, it bordered Tajikistan and China to the south, Uzbekistan to the west and Kazakhstan to the north. On 1 December 1920, the Prime Minister Simon Vratsian handed over control of the country to the Communist Party of Armenia. Officially dubbed a "passport checking operation," the ostensible goal launched by the Soviet Union's internal and defence ministries was to disarm Armenian militia detachments that had been organized in "[illegally] armed formations." The region is mostly mountainous and forested. The part by Turkey remained for the most part theirs - by the subsequent Treaty of Kars. The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, also commonly referred to as Soviet Armenia or Armenia was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union in December 1922 located in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia.It was established in December 1920, when the Soviets took over control of the short-lived First Republic of Armenia and lasted until 1991. One of Khrushchev's advisers and close friends, Armenian Politburo member Anastas Mikoyan, urged Armenians to reaffirm their national identity. It was recognized on 26 December 1991 when the Soviet Union ceased to exist. Übersetzung des Liedes „Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, National Anthem of the“ (National Anthems & Patriotic Songs) von Armenisch nach Transliteration (Version #2) With the introduction of the New Economic Policy (NEP), Armenians began to enjoy a period of relative stability. [9], Stalin's government took several measures in limiting power of the Armenian Church, already weakened by the Armenian Genocide and the Russification policies of the Russian Empire. In late 1920, local communists came to power following an invasion of Armenia by the Soviet Red Army, and in 1922, Armenia became part of the Trans-Caucasian Soviet Socialist Republic. The Georgian SSR was formed in 1921 and subsequently incorporated in the Soviet Union in 1922. [34] On February 20, 1988, the Supreme Soviet of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast voted to unify with Armenia. An estimated 150,000 Armenians immigrated to Soviet Armenia between 1946 and 1948 and settled in Yerevan, Leninakan, Kirovakan and other towns. "Kars-Ardahan and Soviet Armenian Irredentism, 1945-1946," in. While Lenin supported and implemented policies of korenization, Stalin reversed much of his predecessor's previous internationalist policies, signing off on orders for exiling multiple distinct ethnic-linguistic groups brandished as "traitors", including the Balkars, Crimean Tatars, Chechens, Ingush, Karachays, Kalmyks, Koreans, and Meskhetian Turks, who were collectively deported to Siberia and Central Asia where they were legally designated "special settlers", meaning that they were officially second-class citizens with few rights and were confined within a small perimeter. From 12 March 1922 to 5 December 1936, Armenia was a part of the Transcaucasian SFSR (TSFSR) together with the Georgian SSR and the Azerbaijan SSR. [42]. For a brief period from 1918 to 1920 Armenia became an independent republic. The name Karabakh itself was first encountered in Georgian and Persian sources from the 13th and 14th centuries to refer lowlands between Kura and Aras rivers and adjacent mountainous territory. 23, 1937. On 5 July 1995, the new constitution of Armenia was adopted. Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic has been listed as one of the History good articles under the good article criteria.If you can improve it further, please do so. Due to the two wars waged by the countries in the past century—one from 1918 to 1921 and another from 1988 to 1994—the two have had strained relations. Ironically, the older the dwellings, the better they withstood the quake. Declaration declared the Republic of Armenia a subject of international law. Continue browsing in r/armenia. The modern Republic of Armenia became independent in 1991 during the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Armenian_pride. Other famed Soviet Armenians included composer Aram Khachaturyan, who wrote the ballets Spartacus and Gayane that featured the well known "Sabre Dance," the noted astrophysicist and astronomer Viktor Hambardzumyan, and popular literary figures Paruyr Sevak, Sero Khanzadyan, Hovhannes Shiraz, and Silva Kaputikyan. Members of the Supreme Soviet served for a term of five years, whereas regional deputies served for two and a half years. Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. Soviet Union, Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, Soviet Union. Under Russian and Soviet rule, the region came to be known as Nagorno-Karabakh, meaning "Mountainous Karabakh" in Russian. 1960 CPA 2492.jpg 1,787 × 1,248; 1.25 MB. Religious freedom, to a limited degree, was granted to Armenia when Catholicos Vazgen I assumed the duties of his office in 1955. After the death of Vladimir Lenin in January 1924, there was a brief power struggle in the Soviet Union, from which Joseph Stalin rose to take the reins of power. After the death of Stalin, Khrushchev criticized the deportations based on ethnicity of in closed section of his Report to the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, describing them as "monstrous acts" and "rude violations of the basic Leninist principles of the nationality policy of the Soviet state." It was organized into the following: Under the Soviet system, the centralized economy of the republic banned private ownership of income producing property. Azerbaijanis in Armenia were once the largest ethnic minority in the country, but have been virtually non-existent since 1988–1991 when most either fled the country or were pushed out as a result of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War and the ongoing conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan. English: Flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940-1952) Հայերեն: Հայաստանի Խորհրդային Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետություն դրոշը (1940–1952) Übersetzung des Liedes „Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, National Anthem of the“ (National Anthems & Patriotic Songs) von Armenisch nach IPA Seller 100% positive. The unicameral parliament was the Supreme Council of Armenia. The Ottoman Empire and British Empire were involved in different capacities: the Ottoman Empire left the region after the Armistice of Mudros but British influence continued until Dunsterforce was pulled back in the 1920s. Prior to Soviet rule, the Dashnaksutiun had governed the First Republic of Armenia.The Socialist Soviet Republic of Armenia was founded in 1920. [31] Contacts between Armenia and the Diaspora were revived, and Armenians from abroad began to visit the republic more frequently. The Armenian–Azerbaijani War, which started after the Russian Revolution, was a series of conflicts in 1918, then from 1920 to 1922, that occurred during the brief independence of Armenia and Azerbaijan, and afterwards. [28] Their treatment by the Soviet government was not much better. The name was later changed to the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. Today the vast majority of Armenians in Azerbaijan live in territory controlled by the break-away region Nagorno-Karabakh which declared its unilateral act of independence in 1991 under the name Nagorno-Karabakh Republic but has not been recognised by any country, including Armenia. After all, the moon doesn't belong to Turkey, not even half the moon ... Do you want to take over the whole universe?" However, in the late 1930s, the Soviets renewed their attacks against the Church. The number of Armenian-language newspapers (Sovetakan Hayastan), magazines (Garun), and journals (Sovetakan Grakanutyun, Patma-Banasirakan Handes ) grew. Soon thereafter in the mid to late 1950's most deported peoples were fully rehabilitated, having been allowed the full right of return and their national republics were restored — except for the Koreans, Crimean Tatars, and Meskhetian Turks, who were not allowed such right of return and were kept tethered to Central Asia. Many Armenians rose to prominence during this era, including one of Khrushchev's friends, Mikoyan, who was the older brother of the designer and co-founder of the Soviet MiG fighter jet company, Artem Mikoyan. Cookie-policy; To contact us: mail to admin@qwerty.wiki [30] The massive statue of Stalin that towered over Yerevan was pulled down from its pedestal by troops literally overnight and replaced in 1962 with that of Mother Armenia. The government subsequently took a variety of measures to prevent such deported peoples from returning to their native villages, ranging from denying residence permits to people of certain ethnic groups in specific areas, referring to people by incorrect denonyms to minimize ties to their homeland, arresting protesters for requesting return to Leninist policies with right of return, and spreading racist propaganda demonizing deported ethnic groups. From 1828 with the Treaty of Turkmenchay to the October Revolution in 1917, Eastern Armenia had been part of the Russian Empire and partly confined to the borders of the Erivan Governorate. The highest political body of the republic was the Armenian Supreme Soviet, which included the highest judicial branch of the republic, the supreme court. From 1828 to the October Revolution in 1917, Armenia was part of the then Russian Empire and largely confined to the borders of the Erivan Governorate. After Leonid Brezhnev assumed power in 1964, much of Khrushchev's reforms were reversed. After the October Revolution, Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin's government announced that minorities in the empire could pursue a course of self-determination. Khrushchev retorted by asking, "Why do you have a moon depicted on your flag? Moderated to ensure a place for civil, open-minded and constructive dialogue where everyone is welcome to participate. "Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic" Below, on a red background, an inscription on a red background in Armenian and Russian "Proletarians of all countries, unite!" The operation involved the use of ground troops who accompanied a complement of military vehicles, artillery and helicopter gunships to be used to root out the self-described Armenian fedayeen. Until then, the Soviet leader had been viewed favorably by Armenians, but following his refusal to alter his stance on the issue, Gorbachev's standing among Armenians deteriorated sharply. Upload media. He was subsequently allowed to reside in Echmiatsin. According to the memoirs of Nikita Khrushchev, the deputy premier Lavrentiy Beria (1946–1953) pressed Joseph Stalin to claim eastern Anatolian territory that had supposedly been stolen from Georgia by the Turks. A formal petition written to Gorbachev and senior leaders in Moscow asked for the unification of the enclave with Armenia, but the claim was rejected in the spring of 1988. Dekmejian. After independence and before the adoption of the 1995 Constitution, the Armenian Republic took place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic with the President is the head of state and of a multi-party system. However, as the hostility between the East and West developed into the Cold War, especially after the issuing of the Truman Doctrine in 1947, Turkey strengthened its ties with the West. Armenia (translit,; Армения; Armeniya), officially the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (Armenian SSR; translit; translit), also commonly referred to as Soviet Armenia, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union in December 1922 located in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia. On 1 December 1920, the Prime Minister Simon Vratsian handed over control of the country to the Communist Party of Armenia. Following the power struggle after Stalin's death in 1953, Nikita Khrushchev emerged as the country's new leader. The name was later changed to the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. Their houses were subsequently inhabited by Armenian repatriates who arrived in the Soviet Union from abroad. The Azerbaijani population endured a process of forced migration from the territory of the First Republic of Armenia and later in the Armenian SSR several times during the 20th century. Emblem of Armenia; [14] According to one study, 4,530 people were executed by firing squad in the years 1937-38 alone, the majority of them having been accused of anti-Soviet or "counter-revolutionary" activities, for belonging to the nationalist Dashnak party, or Trotskyism. In September 1937 Stalin dispatched Anastas Mikoyan, along with Georgy Malenkov and Lavrentiy Beria, with a list of 300 names to Yerevan to oversee the liquidation of the Communist Party of Armenia (CPA), which was largely made up of Old Bolsheviks. In 1954, he gave a speech in Yerevan where he encouraged them to republish the works of writers such as Raffi and Charents. [13] Under Beria's command, police terror was used to strengthen the party's political hold on the population and suppress all expressions of nationalism. The Soviet Union relinquished its claims over the lost territories, understanding that the newly formed NATO would intervene on Turkey's side in the event of a conflict. The Brezhnev era began a new state of stagnation, and saw a decline in both the quality and quantity of products in the Soviet Union. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Armenian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&oldid=6187974, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. [37] Further firefights between Armenian militiamen and the MVD in nearby Sovetashen (now Nubarashen) resulted in the deaths of twenty-seven people and an indefinite cancellation of the May 28 celebration. An estimated 300–500,000 Armenians served in the war, almost half of whom did not return. [4]. Soon, ethnic rioting broke out between Armenians and Azeris, preventing a solid unification from taking place. That person was arrested during one of his speeches to the CPA by Beria. [15] [16], As with various other ethnic minorities who lived in the Soviet Union under Stalin, tens of thousands of Armenians were executed or deported. The Armenian SSR is a socialist workers’ and peasants’ state, a Union soviet socialist republic, and a constituent republic of the USSR. Some writers compare the 1949 Soviet deportations to Central Asia and Siberia with earlier Ottoman deportations. [48]. The medieval Armenian capital of Ani, as well as the cultural icon of the Armenian people Mount Ararat, were located in the ceded area. [2]. Many of the immigrants were targeted by Soviet intelligence agencies and the Ministry of Interior for real or perceived ties to Armenian nationalist organizations, and were later sent to labor camps in Siberia and elsewhere, where they would not be released until after Stalin's death. Private enterprise came to a virtual end as it was effectively brought under government control. The Red Army, which was campaigning in Georgia at the time, returned to suppress the revolt and drove its leaders out of Armenia. By 1935, the gross product of agriculture was 132% of that of 1928 and the gross product of industry was 650% to that of 1928. 1076 relations. [ citation needed ], On 17 March 1991, Armenia, along with the Baltics, Georgia and Moldova, boycotted a union-wide referendum in which 78% of all voters voted for the retention of the Soviet Union in a reformed form. Further deportations of Armenians from the coastal region occurred in 1948, when 58,000 alleged supporters of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation and Greeks were forced to move to Kazakhstan. Coterminous with the present-day republic of Georgia, it was based on the traditional territory of Georgia, which had existed as a series of independent states in the Caucasus prior to the first occupation of annexation in the course of the 19th century. They were offered the option of having their expenses paid by the Soviet government for their trip back to their homeland. [51], Lazare Indjeyan's Les Années volées and Armand Maloumian 's Les Fils du Goulag are two repatriate narratives about being incarcerated and eventual escape from gulags. [25], With the republic suffering heavy losses after the war, Stalin allowed an open immigration policy in Armenia; the diaspora were invited to repatriate to Armenia (nergaght) and revitalize the country's population and bolster its workforce. Created its own Armed Forces. The majority Armenian population expressed concern about the forced "Azerification" of the region. Subject: FC Shirak, FC Ararat Yerevan, Republics of the Soviet Union, Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, History of Armenia. United Armenia, also known as Greater Armenia or Great Armenia, is an Armenian ethno-nationalist irredentist concept referring to areas within the traditional Armenian homeland—the Armenian Highland—which are currently or have historically been mostly populated by Armenians. On 1 December 1920, the Prime Minister Simon Vratsian handed over control of the country to the Communist Party of Armenia. If … Englisch-Deutsch-Übersetzungen für Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic im Online-Wörterbuch dict.cc (Deutschwörterbuch). Turkey felt that the presence of such an image implied Soviet designs on Turkish territory. Illustration about Vector Illustration of the Flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. It was to be included into the newly created Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic. Armenia remains blockaded by both Turkey and Azerbaijan over the Karabakh dispute. On 23 August 1990 the Declaration of Independence of Armenia was adopted. The Armenian SSR [1] or Soviet Socialist Republic of Armenia, came into being on 29 November 1920.
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