The NSC report also indicated that 95,000 divorces of women under 19 years of age had been registered between 2011 and 2015. While according to experts, physical maturity is only part of the complete maturity of a human being. The current law in the Islamic Republic of Iran iterates that a 13-year-old girl and above is permitted to wed. Iran ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1994, which sets a minimum age of marriage of 18, but made reservation to articles and provisions which may be contrary to the Islamic Sharia law. National Institute of Health Research and Deputy for Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Iran Multiple Indicator and Demographic Health Survey, 2010, [unpublished]. Under the Civil Code 2007, marriage “before the age of majority” is prohibited. Almost 1,600 cases of child marriage have been registered in the province of Hamedan, western Iran, a local-judiciary authority revealed last May. In 1967, Iran adopted a set of progressive family laws, the Family Protection Act, which granted women family rights ; these were expanded in the Family Protection Law of 1975.The act was annulled in 1979 after the Islamic Revolution when Sharia law was re-introduced, but it stands out for having been ahead of their time, particularly in a Muslim-majority country. Religious Conservative Trends. From 2016 until 2019, there were 1055 under-18 pregnancies, and this year they have registered 109 under-18 pregnancies.”. According to the Sharia-based law of Iran, the legal age for marriage is 13 for girls and 15 for boys. World minimum marriage age: Chart shows the lowest age you can legally get married around the world. This creates a complex problem, where the spouses in unregistered marriages have no civil rights and the children from these marriages have no birth certificates. From these divorces, 5,760 were related to marriages which took place between girls and boys both under 15 years of age. Girls Not Brides is a global partnership of more than 1500 civil society organisations committed to ending child marriage and enabling girls to fulfil their potential. Find out more, © Copyright 2002 - 2021 All Rights Reserved, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, https://monitoring.bbc.co.uk/product/c200rxfl, https://iranhumanrights.org/2019/02/abuse-of-11-year-old-child-bride-in-iran-sees-some-lawmakers-calling-for-reforms/, https://www.iranhumanrights.org/2015/09/child-marriage/, https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/ir/ir009en.pdf, https://www.dw.com/en/child-marriage-in-iran-forces-girls-into-a-life-of-oppression/a-40450099, https://www.girlsnotbrides.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Child-marriage-in-humanitarian-settings.pdf, http://www.iranfocus.com/en/index.php?Itemid=111&catid=6&id=31090%3Airan-children-between-12-and-15-forced-into-marriage&option=com_content&view=article, https://observers.france24.com/en/20190906-video-11-year-old-bride-iran, https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/UPR/Pages/IRIndex.aspx, https://www.unhcr.org/ir/refugees-in-iran/, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg5, Hamraz Counselling and Education Institution, Afghan activist Sonita Alizadeh named Girls Not Brides champion to end child marriage, Child, early and forced marriage legislation in 37 Asia-Pacific countries, Violations of girls’ rights: child marriage and FGM in the I.R. I was speaking recently with some Iranians on the ground in Iran when they told me about a recent wedding where a 14-year-old boy and 10-year-old girl got married. What is lost in these mainly legal debates is the reality of early marriage. DW, Child marriage in Iran forces girls into a life of oppression, [website], 2017, https://www.dw.com/en/child-marriage-in-iran-forces-girls-into-a-life-of-oppression/a-40450099 (accessed March 2020). * Child marriage prevalence is the percentage of women 20-24 years old who were married or in union before they were 18 years old (UNICEF State of the World’s Children, 2017). The NSC also announced that some 130,000 marriages of children under 14 years of age had been registered between 2016 to 2019. Child marriage in Iran is based on people in poverty seeking economic gain and is implemented based on Sharia law. Analysis by PMOI/MEK Iran, October 27, 2020—Lowering the age of marriage is one of the miserable and disastrous impacts of Iranian regime founder Ruhollah Khomeini and his reactionary and misogynist mullahs’ who rule Iran with an iron fist. Early marriage Currently, the minor age of marriage for girls in Iran is thirteen lunar years while it is fifteen lunar years for boys. Please include the link of the original article on our website, women.ncr-iran.org. September 1, 2015 Shlomo One comment. The parliamentary judicial and legal committee rejected the plan to increase the minimum age of marriage for girls in December 2018. The UN Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Iran reported that about 40,635 marriages of girls under 15 years of age were registered between 2012 and 2013, of which more than 8000 involved men who were at least 10 years older. Unofficial child marriages take place without any record, especially in the border regions and rural areas. But thousands of other child brides remain at grave risk in Iran, where there is no minimum marriageable age. They argued that the religious government admires such marriages, and the trend is unfortunately increasing. In 2018, a motion was put together by the Women’s Faction of the Majlis (the national legislative body of Iran) to raise the age of marriage to 16 for girls and 18 for boys. The marriage age in Iran was lowered in 1982 from 18 for women and 20 for men to just nine for girls and 15 for boys, which is an appalling blow to the rights of children, particularly girls.. After much public outcry, this was amended to 13 for girls in 2002, but marriages were allowed to take place at younger ages with the permission of parents and judges. A temporary marriage between an 11-year-old girl and a 22-year-old man in a remote Iranian province has been annulled following public outrage after a … who request for marriage loans has increased, Tehran court hands down 5-year sentence for Forough Taghipour, Kachouii Prison authorities deny medical treatment to Monireh Arabshahi, Update on the situation and fate of three Kurdish women in Iran, NCRI Women’s Committee Annual Report 2021 on women’s conditions in Iran, For rural women of Iran life means suffering and working as slaves, Bill to Protect Children and Adolescents Fails to Protect Girls, List of women killed during Iran protests in November 2019, Monthly Report January 2021 – One million working Iranian women have lost their jobs, Monthly Report December 2020: Ramping up violence against women in prisons, Monthly Report October 2020: Rights of female political prisoners in Iran violated, Monthly Report September 2020: Hijab Campaigns seek widespread arrests, Misogynous law bans ski head coach from leaving with her team. The so-called “child spouse” bill, introduced into parliament in 2016, proposed an absolute ban on the marriage of girls under age 13 and an absolute ban for the marriage of boys under 16. Rising Rate of Suicide Among Iranian Women – Ebtekar: Violence Rate is Not High! However the age of majority is 9 lunar years (8 years and 9 months) for girls and 15 lunar years for boys. Experts say the real number of child marriages in Iran could be much higher, as many of the marriages are not officially registered. Afghanistan has high rates of child marriage, and forced displacement can put girls at an increased risk of being married off due to the lack of protection systems and because families see child marriage as a way to cope with greater economic hardship and to protect girls from violence. Child marriage as a phenomenon in Iran exists for a range of reasons. Iran, Sonita: the Afghan teen rapping to end child marriage, Child marriage in Iran forces girls into a life of oppression (, Iran planning to raise women’s legal age of marriage (, Iran: 43 thousand cases of child marriage (, Iran hanging: Fears for child bride Zeinab Sekaanvand (, UN voices alarm at growing number of child marriages in Iran (. Iran Focus, Iran: Children between 12 and 15 forced into Marriage, [website], 2016, http://www.iranfocus.com/en/index.php?Itemid=111&catid=6&id=31090%3Airan-children-between-12-and-15-forced-into-marriage&option=com_content&view=article (accessed March 2020). BBC Monitoring, Child brides in Iran: tradition, poverty and resisting change, https://monitoring.bbc.co.uk/product/c200rxfl (accessed March 2020). (The NCS report – November 30, 2020). COVID-19: latest news and resources on child marriage and COVID-19, Ending child marriage in challenging times – a message from our CEO, 10 ways the world got closer to ending child marriage in the last 10 years, COVID-19 and child, early and forced marriage: An agenda for action, Child Marriage: a Form of Violence Against Children, Surfer not bride: how Naomi waved goodbye to early marriage, More than a white dress: In the midst of the Syrian crisis, girls rise to end child marriage. To obtain permission to copy, redistribute or publish the material published on this website, you should write to the NCRI Women’s Committee. The problem of unregistered marriage. (The state-run ROKNA news agency – November 24, 2020), Kasaii-pour added, “Since 2017 up until last year (2019), some 1157 girls under 15 years got married in the Markazi Province. According to a member of the Judicial and Legal Commission of the Iranian Parliament, thousands of children get married unofficially without registration, and in many cases, a girl’s actual age is not correctly recorded. For girls under the age of 13 and boys under the age of 15, families and husbands must obtain legal approval for the marriage. Please enter your username or email address to reset your password. These damages include fatality of mothers, depression and even suicides, divorces, leaving school, and will eventually lead to the stability of the cycle of cultural and economic poverty. Girls can be legally married at age 13 in Iran—younger with the permission of the father or male guardian and a judge—and boys can be married age 15. He said: “Two-thirds of the applicants for these loans were young women under 18 years, and this is tantamount to forced marriages.”, Zahra Kasaii-pour, the general director of women and family affairs in the Markazi Province, announced that 109 girls under the age of 15 had got married in Markazi Province in the six-month span from April to August 2020. Physical growth, knowledge, education and freedom of choice, are among the most basic humanitarian requirements for marriage and family life. The Council should look at reducing child marriage in tandem with maternal morbidity. legal age for marriage is 13 for girls and 15 for boys, but marriages can still be carried out at a younger age with the consent of fathers and permission from court judges. Claim: Iran recently passed a law allowing men to marry their daughters. The copyright of all the material published on this website has been registered under © 2016 the Women’s Committee of the National Council of Resistance of Iran. Girls Not Brides is a global partnership of more than 1500 civil society organisations committed to ending child marriage and enabling girls to fulfil their potential. Center for Human Rights in Iran, Over 40,000 girls under age 15 married each year in Iran, [website], 2015, https://www.iranhumanrights.org/2015/09/child-marriage/ (accessed March 2020). In Iran, if families want to marry off a daughter who is 12 or younger, they can ask a judge to declare them “intellectually mature” enough for marriage. In Iran, girls can marry at the age of 13 and boys at the age of 15. In Iran, child marriage is also driven by: Displacement: Iran hosts almost one million Afghan refugees, in addition to around 2.5 million Afghan residents. The number of child marriages in Iran has been increasing in recent years. The practice is on the wane among Iran’s wealthier families, but among poorer communities in rural areas, girls under 13 are being forced to marry to alleviate their families’ economic hardship. Child marriage in Iran forces girls into a life of oppression Girls in rural Iran are often forced into marriage at a young age. Statistics on child marriages in Iran – According to the quarterly report of the National Statics Center of Iran (NSC), more than 7,000 girls under 14 years of age have got married in Iran from April to June 2020. 2- Due to the lack of serious laws to protect underage girls and the weakness of counseling and social relief institutions in Iran, which are mostly done under Behzisti (welfare) Organization, child marriage has exacerbated the situation for adolescent girls with psychological problems or emotional vacuum. Child marriage nullified after social media outrage in Iran After video of an 11-year-old bride surfaced online, a popular backlash prompted the authorities to investigate and prosecute the groom, the officiant and the girl's father. The proponents of such marriages believe that according to Islam a 9-year-old girl is an adult, so girls are ready for marriage as young as 9 years of age. When it comes to child marriage laws, the U.S. in comparable to countries like Iran, Saudi Arabia and Yemen, Reiss said. During the same period, the marriage of one girl under 10 years has also been registered. The wedding reportedly took place recently in a township in the southwestern province of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad. United Nations, Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform, [website], 2017, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg5 (accessed March 2020). In many legal systems, the minimum age of marriage is still below 18. Iran has committed to eliminate child, early and forced marriage by 2030 in line with target 5.3 of the Sustainable Development Goals. The motion was sent to the Majlis Legal and Judicial Committee, but was dismissed for “contradicting with Islamic jurisdiction, current laws and social norms”. During its 2019 Universal Periodic Review, Iran agreed to review recommendations to raise the minimum age of marriage to 18 years for both boys and girls without exception and eliminate the practice of early and forced marriage. During its 2014 Universal Periodic Review, Iran agreed to examine recommendations to abolish laws encouraging the marriage of girls as young as nine, and to amend the Civil Code to bring the minimum age for marriage to 18 years old. According to the latest available data from 2010, 17% of girls in Iran are married before the age of 18 and 3% are married before the age of 15. Thus, the issue of early marriage has been a point of struggle between the international human rights system and Iran. Child marriage is an example of violence against women and the worst form of oppression against girls and the future of women in Iran. She said that during the same period, 109 young women under the age of 18 had become pregnant. UN General Assembly, Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Islamic Republic of Iran, 2014, p.22, https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/UPR/Pages/IRIndex.aspx (accessed March 2020). You can get married as young as nine in Iran but men have to … Reports on child marriages have recently made headlines in Iran after the parliament rejected a bill proposing to increase the marriage age for children. No reason was given for his arrest. Footage of a wedding ceremony between an underage girl and a much older man in Iran has gone viral on social media and once again exposed the reprehensible yet legal practice of child marriage in the country. Child marriage is a significant problem in Iran where girls as young as 10 are being forced into marriage. Physical and psychological damages caused by child marriages in Iran have many irreparable adverse consequences on the lives of young women, particularly those who get pregnant under 18 years of age. Iran has ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child since 1994, which considers any person under the age of 18 to be a child. Kamil Ahmadi, an Iranian-British researcher who wrote a book about underage marriage in Iran, was arrested on August 11. UNHCR Iran, Refugees in Iran, [website], https://www.unhcr.org/ir/refugees-in-iran/ (accessed March 2020). Figures from Iran suggest child-marriage is rampant in the country, with girls younger than 14 forced to take husbands. Certainly, a number of cultural, religious, economic, and political factors have led to the prevalence of childh marriage in Iran. However, the father or legal guardian can give consent for them to marry at a … The images brought pressure on local and national officials and the Vice President of Iran for Women and Family Affairs, Masoumeh Ebtekar, tweeted that she was going to pursue the matter. Fatima is just one example of many. The high number of child marriages in Iran before they reach intellectual majority, speaks of the common practice of this phenomenon in Iranian society. However, these numbers only reflect registered marriages. more than 7,000 girls under 14 years of age have got married in Iran from April to June 2020. “Judges can rule whether a girl or boy is mature enough to marry” Our Observer is an Iranian researcher who follows child marriage issues in Iran. UN General Assembly, Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Islamic Republic of Iran, 2019, p. 18, 20 and 21, https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/UPR/Pages/IRIndex.aspx (accessed March 2020). There are tens of thousands of child brides in Iran, where the legal age of marriage for girls is 13 with parental consent -- and girls even younger … Center for Human Rights in Iran, Abuse of 11-Year-Old Child Bride in Iran Sees Some Lawmakers Calling for Reforms, [website], 2019, https://iranhumanrights.org/2019/02/abuse-of-11-year-old-child-bride-in-iran-sees-some-lawmakers-calling-for-reforms/ (accessed March 2020). UNICEF DATA, Child marriage data, October 2019, https://data.unicef.org/resources/dataset/child-marriage/ (accessed March 2020). The Observer, Rare video of underage marriage in Iran: the ‘bride’ is aged 11, [website], 2019, https://observers.france24.com/en/20190906-video-11-year-old-bride-iran (accessed March 2020). Iran is one of few countries that has not signed or ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). IranWire: Child marriage is on the rise in Iran, according to a report published by the Iranian Student Correspondents Association. The number published by the NCS on the number of young women married between 10 and 14 years of age was exactly 7323. Child Marriage in Iran. In 2019, the video of the wedding ceremony of a 11-year-old girl and her 22-year-old cousin in rural Iran, and reports of another 11-year-old girl married as a second wife to a man four times her age sparkled public outcry against child marriage in Iran. The legal age of marriage for girls in Iran is 13. Girls Not Brides, Child marriage in humanitarian settings, 2018, https://www.girlsnotbrides.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Child-marriage-in-humanitarian-settings.pdf (accessed March 2020). Members of the Cultural Commission of Iran have advocated for religious scholars to amend article 1041 of the Civil Code on Marriage Age so that legal authorities can have greater power over deciding whether child marriages can go ahead. The practice is most prevalent in rural areas. Child rights activists say this phenomenon will have adverse consequences on the future health of Iranian families. The deputy for youths’ affairs in the Ministry of Youths and Sports had earlier announced that the number of young women under 18 years of age who request for marriage loans has increased. The legal age of marriage has been set on the basis of physical maturity. According to the most recent statistics by UNICEF, 17 percent of girls in Iran are married before the age of 18, and 3 percent are married before the age of 15. At least 30,000 girls got married in Iran under the age of 13 each year, says Masoumeh Ebtekar, Vice President of IRI for Women and Family Affairs. https://irannewsupdate.com/news/women/child-marriage-on-the-rise-in-iran 22 cities see protests by welfare recipients and pensioners in Iran, Iranian women defy four decades of religious dictatorship, Working towards a democratic and peaceful world – Rashida Manjoo, Brave women of Iran stood up to a misogynous regime – Sarvnaz Chitsaz, Süssmuth: Women must stick together in their fight for a better world, Female political prisoners were raped in the 1980s – Rashida Manjoo, Iran: One year after the uprising in November 2019. Child marriage is driven by gender inequality and the belief that girls are somehow inferior to boys. Civil Code of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2007, https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/ir/ir009en.pdf (accessed March 2020). Setting and enforcing a minimum legal age for marriage is necessary to protect girls, who are more affected than boys by the practice of child marriage. This amounts to 43,300 under-14 marriages per year.
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